fluffythingies

Aha! Jokes.com Laughing Gas: Joke of the Day

2011-05-13T08:58:00.000-07:00

######################################################
Welcome to the AhaJokes.com Laughing Gas Newsletter!
for the Week of Friday, May 13, 2011
Free Jokes, SPAM-FREE, via E-mail Once per Week!
http://www.AhaJokes.com/ for More Jokes!
Remember to Add no-reply@ahajokesmail.com to your Address Book!
######################################################

################## Today's Joke!

An evil Atheist explorer in the depths of the Amazon suddenly finds himself surrounded by a bloodthirsty group of natives.

Upon surveying the situation, he says quietly to himself "Oh God, I'm screwed!!!!!"

A ray of light shines down from heaven and a voice booms out: "No, you are NOT screwed. Pick up that stone at your feet and bash in the head of the chief standing in front of you."

So, the explorer picks up the stone and proceeds to bash the living heck out of the chief.

As he stands above the lifeless body, breathing heavily, surrounded by 100 natives with a look of shock on their faces, God's voice booms out again: "Okay ..... NOW you're screwed."

################## SUPPORT OUR SPONSORS TO HELP AHAJOKES.COM GROW:

Help protect yourself from identity theft for $10/ month with LifeLock:

<a href="http://www.shareasale.com/r.cfm?b=198607&u=467487&m=11424&urllink=&afftrack=">http://www.shareasale.com/r.cfm?B=198607&U=467487&M=11424</a>

################## Today's Riddle:

I am not alive but I grow; I don't have lungs but I need air; I don't have a mouth but water kills me. What am I? (Answer at the bottom of the newsletter!)

################## Today's Fun Page!

Those of you who handle technical support or the frustrations of dealing with computers with appreciate this one: http://www.ahajokes.com/fp035.html

################## Today's Funny Picture!

Now Presenting: A Bad Escape Plan: http://www.ahajokes.com/funnypics/index.php?display=Funny_Cartoons%2Fbad_escape_plan.jpg

################## Today's Riddle Answer: Fire.

---

ADD US TO YOUR ADDRESS BOOK: Please remember to add no-reply@ahajokesmail.com to your Address Book and to forward a few laughs to your friends from time to time.

UNSUBSCRIBE REQUESTS: If you do not want to receive any more newsletters, go to: http://www.ahajokes.com/unsubscribe.html

security safes

2010-05-05T01:55:00.000-07:00

Our company is one of the leading manufacture of various kinds of safes located in Ning-bo China.
Ning-bo is an industrial area below Shang-hi (40minute flight from Shang-hi).

We have been a major safes company for Chinese market for the past 10 years.
Currently our marketing network consists of more than 140 branches and sales representatives throughout main land china and Hong Kong.

Our company started export just four years ago. Until present time, we have been export our safes mainly to Europe and USA.
We are OEM manufacturer of many safes company in Europe and USA.

With more than 850 total employees, we believe we can be the most competitive and reliable safes supplier

We make almost every kinds of safes such as Gunsafes, depository safes, hotel safes.

Thank you for your time to read our company instruction and please do not hesitate to contact me for more detail.

Kenny Kwon / Sales manager

[ Selling Categories ]

- Other Security & Protection Products >> Security & Protection
- Commercial Furniture >> Service Equipment
- Restaurant & Hotel Supplies >> Service Equipment
- Other Furniture >> Furniture & Furnishings
[ keyword ] safe , safes , gunsafe , gunsafes , hotelsafes
Safe box J-20

Outside Size(HxWxD) : 7.9 x 11.8 x 7.9 inch ( 200 x 300 x 200 mm)

Steel Thickness : 3/32 inch (2mm) thick steel plate for body and 1/4 inch (6mm) thick steel plate for door.

Lock : double bitted key lock

Lock bolt (3/4 inch dim) : 2 horizental

Company Profile
Basic Information
Company Name: Ample Electro-Mechanic Devpp Co.,Ltd.(Ningbo)
Business Type: Manufacturer
No. of Total Employees: 350
Capital: USD4,500,000
Year Established: 2002
Product Range : Safes, Gun Safes, Fireproof Safes, Hotel Safes, Wall Safes
Trade & Market
Main Markets: America, Europe
Factory Information
Factory Size (Sq.meters): 18,000 m2
Factory Location: Ningbo
QA/QC: ISO9001, UL, CE
No. of Production Lines: 2 LINES
No. of R&D Staff: 15
No. of QC Staff: 20
Contract Manufacturing: YES
OEM Services Provided: YES
Hot Products
More
None Fire Proof Safes
None Fire Proof Safes
Depository Safes
Depository Safes
Fireproof Document Safes
Fireproof Document Safes
Economic Steel Safes
Economic Steel Safes
Fireproof Document Safes
Fireproof Document Safes
Fire & Burglary Safes
Fire & Burglary Safes
Economic Steel Safes
Economic Steel Safes
Hotel Safes
Hotel Safes
Wall Safes
Wall Safes
Economic Steel Safes
Economic Steel Safes
Fireproof Gun Safes
Fireproof Gun Safes
Fireproof Gun Safes
Fireproof Gun Safes
fire proof safe
fire proof safe
Fire & Burglary Safes
Fire & Burglary Safes
fireproof safe
fireproof safe
Ample Electro-Mechanic Devpp Co., Ltd (Ningbo) is a collective manufacturer of safes with a whole system from science, technology and industry to trade, located in Ningbo Daxie Development Zone. Aipu takes safe manufacture as its core industry, and also gradually develops products in the relevant fields.

As a leading safe manufacturer,our products are widely used in finance, family, hotel and army area, and we are one of the largest gun safe manufacturers in China. Our products have passed the national ministry inspection and own the European CE certificate. We own a 23,300 square meters office building, and are equipped with the internationally leading line equipments, plus a systematic and automated production flow system.

We also build up a strong product hatching platform. The capacity is about 250,000 pieces per year. The second term safe production base has an area of 35,500 square meters. Owning the most advanced numerical control punching machines, bending machines and planer in the world, we have a solid base to set foot into the world market.

Our company owns a capacity of 300,000 sets of gas stoves, 1,500,000 fan blades and becomes a designated brand manufacture for multiple world famous brands such as Sakura and Panasonic, etc. The products sell far to the countries and regions such as Europe, America, the Middle East, Southeast Asia and so forth.

In the past ten years, Aipu spares no effort for the pursuit of the security. Relying on the first-class product quality and absolute innovative scientific research, we find favor in the eyes of vast domestic consumers. The products are wild-marketing in more than 100 cities all over the China .and we provide more than 70 countries and regions safes for wholesale . Today, more and more people all over the world are using "AIPU" products and enjoying the security pleasure offered by this very "SAFETY SPECILIST".

Aipu is like an inventor richly endowed by nature. We always keep the vigorous vitality and constantly make innovations. Adhering to the spiritual idea of "innovative and forging ahead", we fully utilize the technological and market leading position advantages to help people stride towards a fine future with AIPU passion.
* Detailed Product Description: Hotel Safes

Hotel Safes D-20
1. Size: (H x W x D) 200 x 420 x 350(mm); 8 x 17 x 14(inch)
2. Steel thickness: 2.5 mm (1/10 inch) for body; 6mm (1/4 inch) for door
3. Lock:Electronic Lock, LED display
4. Knob handle
5. Motorized opening
6. motorized opening

* Product Images: Hotel Safes
Hotel Safes D-23E
Hotel Safes J-20
Hotel Safes J-20
Hotel Safes D-20BG
Hotel Safes D-20BG
fireproof safe
Original Image
Products Visitors:45

* Product Name: fireproof safe
* Model No: FDP-48-1B-EK
* Origin: China
* Packing: export carton
* Brand Name: AIPU
* Delivery Time: 30 days
* Minimum Order: 30 pcs
* Supply Ability: 100pcs / day
* Detailed Product Description: fireproof safe

1) External: (H x W x D): 481 x 531 x 508mm
2) Internal: ( H x W x D): 330 x 380x 341mm
3) Net Weight: 90 KGS
4) I Interior: 1 adjustable shelf + 1 key locking drawer
5) L-shaped diecast handle
6) Wheels for easier delivery
7) Lock: electronic lock + key lock
8) Material: rust-proof galvanized steel plate + special fire-resistant stuffing material

* Product Images: fireproof safe

fireproof safe

* Other products

fire proof safe FDP-53-1B-EK
fire proof safe FDP-53-1B-EK
fireproof safe FJP-53-1B-CK
fireproof safe FJP-53-1B-CK
fireproof safe FJP-48-1B-CK
fireproof safe FJP-48-1B-CK
Fireproof Document Safes FDP-30-1B-EK
Fireproof Document Safes FDP-30-1B-EK
Fireproof Document Safes FDP-38-1B-EK
Fireproof Document Safes FDP-38-1B-EK
Fireproof Document Safes FDP-45-1B-EK
Fireproof Document Safes FDP-45-1B-EK
Fireproof Document Safes FDP-63-1B-EK
Fireproof Document Safes FDP-63-1B-EK
Fireproof Document Safes FDP-80-1B-EK
Fireproof Document Safes FDP-80-1B-EK

Standard color : Powder coat Beige

Please contact us for more size of safes and optional feature.

Related Keywords: safes , safe , safe box

Wall Safes

Wall Safes
Hotel safes W1414C Outside Size(HxWxD) : 14 x 14 x 4 inch ( 355 x 355 x 100 ...

Gunsafes

Gunsafes
Steel gunsafes JQ-140 Outside Size(HxWxD) : 55 x 14 x 14 inch ( 1397 x 356 x ...
Gunsafes

Gunsafes
Fire lined Gun Safes G5930 Outside Size(HxWxD) : 59 x 30 x 24 inch ( 1500 x ...

Gunsafes

Gunsafes
Fire lined Gun Safes G5939 Outside Size(HxWxD) : 59 x 39 x 24 inch ( 1500 x ...

Welcome to our product page of aipu safe company , in which you can find detailed information of aipu safe company . Our aipu safe company is good in quality and competitive in price. We are manufacturer and supplier of aipu safe company . We export aipu safe company . We supply OEM service of aipu safe company for you. We would manufacture aipu safe company following your specific requirement. We are looking forward to your E-mail and establishing cooperative relationship! We would provide professional aipu safe company with good services for you!
Select to or

*
Hotel Safes
* inquiry

Hotel Safes
Products description:
Hotel Safes D-201. Size: (H x W x D) 200 x 420 x 350(mm); 8 x 17 x 14(inch)2. Steel thickness: 2.5 mm (1/10 inch) for body; 6mm (1/4 inch) for door3. Lock:Electronic Lock, LED display4. Knob handle5. Motorized opening6. motorized opening ...

*
Hotel Safes
* inquiry

Hotel Safes
Products description:
Hotel Safes D-23E1. Size (H x W x D): 230 x 400 x 380(mm); 9 x 16 x 15(inch);2. Door thickness: 8mm, (1/3 inch)3. Card swipe electronic lock 4. Electronic lock.5. LED display,Motorized opening6. card magnetic openingSpecification ...

*
fireproof safe
* inquiry

fireproof safe
Products description:
1) External: (H x W x D): 481 x 531 x 508mm 2) Internal: ( H x W x D): 330 x 380x 341mm3) Net Weight: 90kg 4) Interior: Interior: 1 adjustable shelf + 1 key locking drawer 5) L-shaped diecast handle6) Wheels for easier delivery7) Lock: mechanical comb + key lock8) Material: rust-proof galvanized steel plate + special fire-resistant stuffing material...

*
fireproof safe
* inquiry

fireproof safe
Products description:
1) External: (H x W x D): 481 x 531 x 508mm 2) Internal: ( H x W x D): 330 x 380x 341mm 3) Net Weight: 90 KGS 4) I Interior: 1 adjustable shelf + 1 key locking drawer 5) L-shaped diecast handle6) Wheels for easier delivery7) Lock: electronic lock + key lock8) Material: rust-proof galvanized steel plate + special fire-resistant stuffing material...

*
fireproof safe
* inquiry

fireproof safe
Products description:
1) External: (H x W x D): 532 x 531 x 508mm 2) Internal: ( H x W x D): 380 x 380x 341mm3) Net Weight: 90kg 4) Interior: Interior: 1 adjustable shelf + 1 key locking drawer 5) L-shaped diecast handle6) Wheels for easier delivery7) Lock: mechanical comb + key lock8) Material: rust-proof galvanized steel plate + special fire-resistant stuffing material...

*
fire proof safe
* inquiry

fire proof safe
Products description:
1) External: (H x W x D): 532 x 531 x 508mm 2) Internal: ( H x W x D): 380 x 380x 341mm 3) Net Weight: 90 KGS 4) I Interior: 1 adjustable shelf + 1 key locking drawer 5) L-shaped diecast handle6) Wheels for easier delivery7) Lock: electronic lock + key lock8) Material: rust-proof galvanized steel plate + special fire-resistant stuffing material...

*
Hotel Safes
* inquiry

Hotel Safes
Products description:
Hotel Safes J-20 1. Size: (H x W x D) 200 x 420 x 350(mm); 8 x 17 x 14(inch)2. Steel thickness: 2.5 mm (1/10 inch) for body; 6mm (1/4 inch) for door3. Lock:Key lock ...

Wood-plastic composite

2010-05-02T14:57:00.000-07:00

Wood-plastic composite (commonly abbreviated as WPC) is a composite material lumber or timber made of recycled plastic and wood wastes.

There are also application in the market, which utilize only virgin raw materials. Its most widespread use is in outdoor deck floors, but it is also used for railings, fences, landscaping timbers, cladding and siding, park benches, molding and trim, window and door frames, and indoor furniture. Manufacturers claim that wood-plastic composite is more environmentally friendly and requires less maintenance than the alternatives of solid wood treated with preservatives or solid wood of rot-resistant species. Resistant to cracking and splitting, these materials can be moulded with or without simulated wood grain details. Even with the wood grain design these materials are still visually easy to distinguish from natural timber as the grains are the same uniform color as the rest of the material. Well-known trade names include Modideck, Practiwood, MoistureShield, NewTech, TimberTech, Trex, JER Envirotech, ChoiceDek, CorrectDeck, Artowood, Chylon, Ultradeck and Weatherbest.

Wood-plastic composite is still a very new material relative to the long history of natural lumber as a building material but can be substituted in most instances. Although being highly resistant to rot, Wood Plastic Composites still soak up water due to their mixing with organic wood fibers. Some manfacturers have tried to avoid this by loading up their wood fibers with oils or other products that repel water. Still the major advantage of this category of building materials is its ability to add another stage of upstream use to materials previously considered waste lumber. Although these materials continue the lifespan of used and discarded materials, and have their own considerable half life; the polymers and adhesives added make wood-plastic composite difficult to recycle again after use due to the many impurities in such a compound. It can be recycled easily in a new wood-plastic composite.

Wood-plastic composite lumber is composed of wood from recovered saw dust (and other cellulose-based fiber fillers such as pulp fibers, peanut hulls, bamboo, straw, digestate, etc.) and virgin or waste plastics including high-density polyethylene, PVC, PP, ABS, PS and PLA. The powder or fibers are mixed to a dough-like consistency and then extruded or moulded to the desired shape. Additives such as colorants, coupling agents, stabilizers, blowing agents, reinforcing agents, foaming agents, lubricants help tailor the end product to the target area of application. The material is formed into both solid and hollow profiles or into injection moulded parts and products. With the diversity of organic components used in wood/plastic composite processing, there is no single answer to reliably handling these potentially difficult materials. In some applications standard thermoplastic injection moulding machines and tools can be utilized.

Wood, resin, regrind, and most of the additives are combined and processed in a pelletizing extruder. The new material pellets are formed in mold and dried. Pre-distribution testing can help determine the optimal combination of chemical agents, design, agitation and other flow aid strategies for the specific material in use. Modern testing facilities are available to evaluate materials and determine the optimal combination of equipment components to assure the highest level of accuracy and reliability. Computerized performance test reports document equipment performance.
Another picture of NewTech brand WPC.

A major advantage over wood is the ability of the material to be molded to meet almost any desired spatial conditions. It can also be bent and fixed to form strong arching curves. With up to 70 percent cellulose content (although 50/50 is more common), wood-plastic composites behave like wood and can be shaped using conventional woodworking tools. At the same time, they are moisture-resistant and resistant to rot, although they are not as rigid as wood and may slightly deform in extremely hot weather. The material is also sensitive to staining from a variety of agents by virtue of its porosity. A major selling point of these materials is their lack of need for paint as they are manufactured in a variety of colors, but are widely available in grays and earth tones.

Nanjing Xuhua Shengluodi New Building Materials Co., Ltd is a High-tech private enterprise integrating R&D, production, marketing, design and application of WPC materials and products. The company absorbs a large number of talents of WPC industry to do in-depth research into WPC materials, and adopt the most advanced equipments and testing instruments domestically. So our WPC products are enjoying a good market both at home and abroad for it good quality, distinctive design, perfect wood texture, excellent durability performance etc.

We also introduce the foreign advanced marketing models and make the most of the superiority of our industry chain resources in formula R&D, product design, raw material supply and extrusion processing, injection molding and other fields, so as to manufacture WPC materials and other assorted products with high value. Currently we have built up the R&D and testing organization in Shanghai, Nanjing extrusion production base for finished products and marketing headquarters as well as injection molding processing base in Kunshan.
Sundi WPC decking series are beautiful and elegant in appearance, superior in taste. They are outstanding for their ability to resistant to moisture, corrosion and insects, also they have high strength, high impact resistant ability, which can be widely used in viaducts, squares, courtyards and other occasions. Sundi WPC decking are not only easy to install, convenient to construct, but also save a lot of maintenance programs in the later , all these can make you feel rest assured, less worried and comfortable when using our products!

Usage Instruction
1. What is Sundi WPC?
2. What’s the features of Sundi WPC?
3. What are the similarities and differences of Sundi WPC compared with preserved wood?
4. What tools should be used to install and assemble the Sundi WPC?
5.How to take care of the Sundi WPC, does it need painting or not?
6.Does Sundi WPC have color fading problems when used in the changing outdoor environment.
7.Whether Sundi WPC resistant to termites?
8.Is Sundi WPC easily deformed?

Q: 1. What is Sundi WPC?
A: Sundi WPC（Wood Plastic Composite） is mainly made of natural fibers and plastic(main HDPE), and antioxidant, UV stabiliser, lubricants, pigments etc, and produced by professional WPC extruders under the high temperature and pressure, so it is perfect with the advantages of wood and plastic.

Q: 2. What’s the features of Sundi WPC?
A: 1) Looks and feels like natural wood; 2) *Resistant to moisture, rot and termites; 3) Easy to assemble and install, low labor cost; 4) Needn’t painting, low maintenance, and save your cost; 5) High UV-resistant and strong color stability; 6) 100% environmental friendly, saving forest resources.

Q: 3. What are the similarities and differences of Sundi WPC compared with preserved wood?
A: Both have in common is that they can use in similar occasions, they both can be used in family courtyards, clubhouses, parks, residential communities, municipal projects, docks and other situations. Both of them are resistant to moisture, rot and termites while used for decking, railing&fencing, out-door wall, gazebos, benches, dustbins, flower boxes and tree pools. The difference between the two lies in:
1) Preserved wood is preserved with harmful preservatives which are only useful to prevent rot, but it can not get rid of the cracking characteristics of natural timber; the formula of Sundi WPC does not contain any harmful substances, and it is less likely to crack, which ensure the stability of the product.
2) Preserved wood use natural wood as raw material which is a waste of forest resources; instead of using timbers, Sundi WPC use waste plastic, wood processing residues, agricultural residues and other processing remains, thus saving forest resources;
3) The price is also different, common preserved wood such as Mongolian Scotch Pine and some others are relatively less expensive; medium-level preserved wood, such as Merbau and other else are a little more expensive; however, the advanced natural preserved wood such as Western Red cedar is extremely expensive. The price of Sundi WPC is close to the medium-level preserved wood.
4) The difference in service life, Sundi WPC has a longer life term than preserved wood.

Q:4. What tools should be used to install and assemble the Sundi WPC?
A: The ordinary wood-working tools are available to cut, saw, and drill the Sundi WPC.

Q:5. How to take care of the Sundi WPC, does it need painting or not?
A: Sundi WPC needn’t painting, and the maintenance is very easy, all you have to do is just do some cleaning and sweep work in due course.

Q: 6.Does Sundi WPC have color fading problems when used in the changing outdoor environment.
A: Sundi WPC is manufactured with the first class anti UV and weather-resistant pigments. During the initial period, The color will fade slightly, but it will tend towards stability within a few weeks, after then the color will be natural and harmony with the environment.

Q:7. Whether Sundi WPC resistant to termites?
A: Yes, Sundi WPC has good anti-termites property.

Q: 8. Is Sundi WPC easily deformed?
A: The material’s deformation caused by moisture absorption and other factors is very slight, and the place which bears long-term gravity will be slightly deformed.

Usage Instruction
◆ Placement and storage
1. The profile should be placed on a flat ground, and in case of using stow-wood, the span should be less than 600mm.
2. Please take care to unload and can not pile up at random.
3. When transit, please don’t squeeze the profiles.
◆ Installation
The ordinary wood-working machine is available to cut, saw and drill the Sundi WPC.
▼ Decking installation:
1) Clips: Special clips for jointing the decking board is designed and made from special macromolecule enhanced resin materials, and can be used in environment temperature of -50 ℃ -150 ℃;
2) Span: 14 times of the thickness of decking;
3）Gap: The gap between decking board should be put depending on the guide.
4) The length of the decking and joists: considering the expansion and shrinkage properties of WPC material, we suggest that the installation length should be less than 3 meters.
▼The installation of fence&railing, gazebo and other products.
Please refer to the technical guidance our company provide, and consult us if you have any questions. Security design and installation way should be based on local construction codes.
Sundi WPC（Wood Plastic Composite） is mainly made of natural fibers and plastic(main HDPE), and antioxidant, UV stabiliser, lubricants, pigments etc, and produced by professional WPC extruders under the high temperature and pressure.
The manufacturer (Nanjing Xuhua Sundi New Building Materials Co., Ltd) provides this warranty to assure the product quality. Under the normal use and service conditions, the manufacturer’s guarantee is a limited 20 years warranty from the date of original purchase against warping, twisting, splinter, rot or suffers structural damage from termites or fungal decay.
The manufacturer does not warrant against and compensate for the consumer’s wrong use, improper installation, force majeure and damage that other factors cause.
Since 1933 the World Petroleum Council (WPC) has been the world's premier oil & gas forum. We help to catalyse and facilitate dialogue amongst stakeholders and find sustainable solutions to key energy issues.

* We use Ferromatik Milacron Machinery to increase the output and reduce the costs
* We have the special channel to get the raw materials (Plastic and wood fibre)
* Very low labour cost
* Environment protection enterprise get government's support such as policy and tax privilege

PRODUCTS

* Decking
* Railing
* Fencing
* Pallet
* Accessories
* Outdoor Furniture
* Others
* DIY
*

Decking boards Easy-decking Decking accessories
D1
Purpose: Floor board

# 145 x 29mm
# 4.9 kg/m
# 35.0 kg/m2
This type of WPC profile can be used as floor board, be paved on the outdoor ground, trestle road and garden path, and perform outstanding superiority in the outdoor decking of courtyard, park, garden community, waterscape, seashore path or gazebo, trestle and plank road, dock, etc.

D2
Purpose: Floor board

# 145 x 22mm
# 3.6 kg/m
# 24.9 kg/m2
This type of WPC profile can be used as floor board, be paved on the outdoor ground, trestle road and garden path, and perform outstanding superiority in the outdoor decking of courtyard, park, garden community, waterscape, seashore path or gazebo, trestle and plank road, dock, etc.

D3
Purpose: Floor board; Chair or bench board

# 140 x 40mm
# 6.5 kg/m
# 46.5 kg/m2
This type of WPC profile can be used as floor board, be paved on the outdoor ground, trestle road and garden path, and perform outstanding superiority in the outdoor decking of courtyard, park, garden community, waterscape, seashore path or gazebo, trestle and plank road, dock, etc. It can also be used as the middle board of chair or bench, mating with A6 the outside board of chair or bench.

D4
Purpose: Floor board

# 140 x 35mm
# 5.7 kg/m
# 40.8kg/m2
This type of WPC profile can be used as floor board, be paved on the outdoor ground, trestle road and garden path, and perform outstanding superiority in the outdoor decking of courtyard, park, garden community, waterscape, seashore path or gazebo, trestle and plank road, dock, etc.

D5
Purpose: Floor board; Pallet board

# 140 x 33mm
# 2.7 kg/m
# 19.3kg/m2
This type of WPC profile can be used as floor board, be paved on the outdoor ground, trestle road and garden path, and perform outstanding superiority in the outdoor decking of courtyard, park, garden community, waterscape, seashore path or gazebo, trestle and plank road, dock, etc. It can also applied in pallet, used as the upper board of pallet.

D6
Purpose: Floor board

# 140 x 25mm
# 4.1 kg/m
# 29.3kg/m2
This type of WPC profile can be used as floor board, be paved on the outdoor ground, trestle road and garden path, and perform outstanding superiority in the outdoor decking of courtyard, park, garden community, waterscape, seashore path or gazebo, trestle and plank road, dock, etc.

D7
Purpose: Floor board

# 140 x 25mm
# 3.3 kg/m
# 23.6kg/m2
This type of WPC profile can be used as floor board, be paved on the outdoor ground, trestle road and garden path, and perform outstanding superiority in the outdoor decking of courtyard, park, garden community, waterscape, seashore path or gazebo, trestle and plank road, dock, etc.

D8
Purpose: Floor board

# 140 x 25mm
# 2.8 kg/m
# 20.0 kg/m2
This type of WPC profile can be used as floor board, be paved on the outdoor ground, trestle road and garden path, and perform outstanding superiority in the outdoor decking of courtyard, park, garden community, waterscape, seashore path or gazebo, trestle and plank road, dock, etc.

D9
Purpose: Floor board

# 140 x 25mm
# 4.0 kg/m
# 28.5 kg/m2
This type of WPC profile can be used as floor board, be paved on the outdoor ground, trestle road and garden path, and perform outstanding superiority in the outdoor decking of courtyard, park, garden community, waterscape, seashore path or gazebo, trestle and plank road, dock, etc.

D10
Purpose: Floor board

# 140 x 22mm
# 3.6 kg/m
# 25.8 kg/m2
This type of WPC profile can be used as floor board, be paved on the outdoor ground, trestle road and garden path, and perform outstanding superiority in the outdoor decking of courtyard, park, garden community, waterscape, seashore path or gazebo, trestle and plank road, dock, etc.

D11
Purpose: Floor board

# 140 x 22mm
# 2.0 kg/m
# 21.5 kg/m2
This type of WPC profile can be used as floor board, be paved on the outdoor ground, trestle road and garden path, and perform outstanding superiority in the outdoor decking of courtyard, park, garden community, waterscape, seashore path or gazebo, trestle and plank road, dock, etc.

D12
Purpose: Floor board

# 140 x 22mm
# 3.6 kg/m
# 25.8 kg/m2
This type of WPC profile can be used as floor board, be paved on the outdoor ground, trestle road and garden path, and perform outstanding superiority in the outdoor decking of courtyard, park, garden community, waterscape, seashore path or gazebo, trestle and plank road, dock, etc.

D13
Purpose: Floor board

# 135 x 25mm
# 2.2 kg/m
# 16.3 kg/m2
This type of WPC profile can be used as floor board, be paved on the outdoor ground, trestle road and garden path, and perform outstanding superiority in the outdoor decking of courtyard, park, garden community, waterscape, seashore path or gazebo, trestle and plank road, dock, etc.

D15
Purpose: Floor board; Pallet baord

# 118x 18mm
# 2.1 kg/m
# 19.1 kg/m2
This type of WPC profile can be used as floor board, be paved on the outdoor ground, trestle road and garden path, and perform outstanding superiority in the outdoor decking of courtyard, park, garden community, waterscape, seashore path or gazebo, trestle and plank road, dock, etc. It can also used as the upper and bottom board of pallet.

D16
Purpose: Floor board; Rail; Handrail and Baluster; Chair or bench board

# 90 x 40mm
# 4.2 kg/m
# 46.7 kg/m2
This type of WPC profile can be used as floor board, be paved on the outdoor ground, trestle road and garden path, and perform outstanding superiority in the outdoor decking of courtyard, park, garden community, waterscape, seashore path or gazebo, trestle and plank road, dock, etc. It can be also used as rail, handrail, baluster assorted well with 90mm post(R3) and the board of Chair or Bench

D17
Purpose: Floor board; Fencing; Chair or bench board

# 90 x 25mm
# 3.7 kg/m
# 30.0 kg/m2
This type of WPC profile can be used as floor board, be paved on the outdoor ground, trestle road and garden path, and perform outstanding superiority in the outdoor decking of courtyard, park, garden community, waterscape, seashore path or gazebo, trestle and plank road, dock, etc. It can also used as fencing, the middle board of chair or bench

D18
Purpose: Floor board; Fencing; Chair or bench board

# 80 x 40mm
# 3.8 kg/m
# 47.5 kg/m2
This type of WPC profile can be used as floor board, be paved on the outdoor ground, trestle road and garden path, and perform outstanding superiority in the outdoor decking of courtyard, park, garden community, waterscape, seashore path or gazebo, trestle and plank road, dock, etc. It can be also used as rail, handrail, baluster and the middle board of chair or bench mating with A6 the outside board of chair or bench

WPC Characteristics Comparison with wood

Characteristic WPC Wood
Moisture Resistance Waterproof Water absorptive
Rot Resistance Antisepsis Rot except special treating
Split Resistance No Cracked Cracked by weathering effect
Distortion Resistance Almost no Contraction /expansion Distorting effected by change of moisture and temperature
UV Resistance High grade UV resistance Easily effected by UV
Fading Resistance Almost No Easy to fade
Outdoor adaptability Great Only few of treated-wood adaptive
No need Painting No need Need paint periodically
Durable/Longevity >8-15 years <3 years
Various Configuration extruded via various mould simplex
Environment Effect Recyclable 100% Consume woods

Outstanding Characters

PERTH's experts team had successfully developed a private and patent prescription for wood plastic composite material, which make its property more perfect compared with other analogues product, concluded below advantages

Dimension stability length and width Material stability
# Example :Range of temperature-20ºC~40ºCin the condition of average moisture1000mmx140mmx35mm Decking: Max Length expansion =0.005mm Max Width expansion =0.006mm Natural feel & wood touch
# Broad range of finishes and appearance
# Multicolor, and needn't to painting
# Available for both sides
Material Safety Install & Maintain easily
# Low flame spread
# High slip resistance
# Excellent thermal properties
# Contains no toxic chemicals or preservatives
# Environmental friendly
# Can be recycled with 100%
# No sting of wood
# Easy to produce and easily fabricate
# Easy to cut, fix and glue|
# Easy to plane
# Easy to tenon, drill and nail
# Require less routine maintenance
# no need staining & water Sealant
High Strength Good appearance & nice touch
# Outstanding screw and nail retention
# High impact resistance
# Great Compressive-tensile-shear strength
# Modulus of elasticity: 20% greater than PVC, does not require reinforcement(in most applications)
# Natural feel & wood touch
# Broad range of finishes and appearance
# Multicolor, and needn't to painting
# Available for both sides
Longevity
# Its lifespan at least 8-12 years in the outdoor weather condition

Wood-plastic composites (WPC), made of wood fiber or plant fibers as the main component, after pretreatment with thermoplastic resin or other materials based on a combination of a new material. Since WPC is crystalline (wood fiber or fibers) and the disordered state (resin) of the multi-phase state, it has both wood fiber high strength, high flexibility, but also has a strong toughness, resistance to fatigue, etc., so it has excellent overall performance, that is, a good mechanical strength, impact strength, thermal scalability and less water absorption than that of wood, good dimensional stability, wear resistance and chemical corrosion proof. WPC has its advantages, is widely used via extrusion, pressing, injection molding machinery. Our WPC extruding mold machine is for the production of wood-plastic door, corner, and profile. Adopting thermal transfer, or UV coating technology, final finishing, with smooth and shine surface, non-dust, aseptic, non formaldehyde release, is ideal for indoor and outdoor decorative materials .

WPC (wood plastic-fiber composite)

2010-04-30T03:13:00.001-07:00

Our company was established in 1995 to specialize in exporting Chinese construction materials to clients around the world.

Over the past several years, we have significantly expanded our business scope, now having a wide selection of products available. Our main series include wall and ceiling materials such as Mineral Wool Ceiling Board, Rock Wool Ceiling Board, Glass Fiber Ceiling Board, Aluminum Ceiling Board, Calcium Silicate Board, Magnesia Board, Gypsum Wallboard, Metal Studs & Tracks, Ceiling Suspension System，Wooden Acoustic Board, Acoustic Fiberglass Wallboard and so on. We also trade a selection of insulation materials such as Glasswool Board / Tube /Blanket and Rockwool Board /Tube /Blanket.

These products have many applications, and are extensively used in the construction of supermarkets, hotels, office buildings, and airports. They have many functions including heat preservation, insulation, fireproofing and heat isolation. Due to their beautiful designs, colors, styles and excellent decorativeness, we have won the praise of many customers.

The ceiling boards we deal in are manufactured in accordance with ISO9000 standards, and have also achieved Class A Fire Resistance levels when tested by a national level quality testing center. We have exported our products to Singapore, Taiwan, Australia, Southeast Asia Countries, Middle-East countries, South America, North Africa countries etc.

We also are keeping committing ourselves to develop newly items. At present, we are also involved in Environmental Wood Plastic Composite Boards, Stainless Steel Sinks, LVL Boards with different sizes.

Adhering to the principle of "Quality and customers first" we whole heartedly welcome you to cooperate with us on the basis of mutual understanding and success.

Lianguan Recycling Science Technology Co.,Ltd is located in the newly developed port industrial city of Zhangjiagang which situates in the Yangtze Delta.the superior geographical location and convenient transportation provided facility detachment condition for company"s internationalization.
　　Lianguan Recycling Science Technology Co.,Ltd is a modernized enterprise of researching and producing plastic machines and products with the tenet of making the big Lianguan and strong Lianguan.
　　Lianguan Recycling Science Technology Co., Ltd always adhere "vigorously develops the circulation economy"and so on national macroscopical thought as the instruction.With the tenet of improving human being"s living environment,Our company has experienced generation of Lianguan person"s unremitting efforts to make research on the markets both on domestic and abroad and worked together closely with the domestic scientific research institutes to develop the high-speed recycle, feeding equipments,wood plastic new material production line and PP/PE/PET washing machine etc environmental protection equipments in the waste fibre recycling field.With the introudce of Europe core technology and focusing on the diversity and specialty of waste plastics,we developed the high-speed WPC production line and dry-washing system which is effectively avoid the secondary pollution to the water and environments made by the recycling machines,after numerous and continuous tests and researches.They are approved by the domestic and abroad markets.
　　We always believe that our company will have a bright future.
　　We wholeheartedly welcome international friends and people from all circles to visit our factory.

NewTechWood—A leading brand Composite Wood

NewTechWood is the leading WPC (wood plastic-fiber composite) brand specialized in outdoor decking, railing, cladding, benches, synthetic shingles and plastic pallets, since it was launched in 2004. Relay on the best quality brought out by its high-tech equipment and advanced technology, as well as leading Research and Development Center of WPC, grouped by professional engineers, NewTechWood has seen its popularity in global markets, such as Europe, North America, Australia, South Korea, India and Hong Kong by the cooperation with its customers, like worldwide famous building material supermarket Wal-Mart, B&Q, LG, Castorama and Brico Depot owned by Kingfisher, Globus and so on.

NewTechWood's factory, products and service

NewTechWood WPCs are produced by Meixin Manufacturing Co. Ltd in Huidong, Guangdong, China on its land of 700 acres. During the past few years, Meixin launched its brand NewTechWood and successfully brought it to worldwide. The year 2007-2008 is a year of harvest, Meixin saw both its production capacity and sale double in this year, and became the No.1 WPC manufacturer in China.

After four years of development, NewTechWood has developed a big range of WPC products and focus on its major categories: Decking, Cladding, Railing, Benches, Pallets, and Shingles.

At the same time, we can tailor to customers’ needs to create new products and profiles. Engineering and technical research and development are included in our committed services to customers.

Why NewTechWood?

Compared with other manufacturers, NewTechWood has its special advantages. First of all, it enjoys a very strong backup in plastic material supply, finance and RD, provided by its mother company -T& T Group (www.ttgp.com), who is one of the largest plastic companies in America, Hong Kong and China. Developed more than 20 years, T & T Group grown into a financially strong, highly competitive and influential business entity in plastic resin and scrap industry. The T & T Group would prior guarantee plastic supply in higher grade for NewTechWood. What’s more, T& T Group is more exercised and expert on research and development on plastic materials and plastic-made products. Taking this advantage, NewTechWood performs more excellent than competitors in product technology and quality control.
One aspect that distinguishes NewTechWood from the rest of the competition is the high tech equipment. Most of our competitors use a batch system to manufacture their product, while we use a continuous manufacturing system. The difference is that our products are very consistent and will not vary from batch to batch. Also, with a batch system, the additives are never distributed evenly on a molecular level, leaving room for potential problems. Also, NewTechWood’s all additives are of the highest quality, and our formulation is very generous with protective additives. Factors above ensure NewTechWood WPCs of stable quality and large capability. It can produce 40,000 MT of composite wood in a year with the continues feeding system.

NewTechWood’s excellent physical properties

Low Maintenance

Because NewTechWood resists sun and water damage, it maintains its color and beauty for years. You do not need to paint, stain or seal it – often burdensome yearly projects with traditional wood. And, because it resists mildew and warping, you won't need to replace rotting, uneven or insect-damaged boards. This saves you time and money over the life of your deck and fence. Caring for NewTechWood is easy and will keep it looking new year after year.

Advanced Color Technology

Whichever NewTechWood color you choose, it will stay rich, vibrant and naturally beautiful for years to come. NewTechWood is made with high-quality raw materials blended with UV-inhibiting pigments to produce products consistent in color. Because of the quality of material used, NewTechWood products fade less than alternative products.

Durability

Traditional wood can be beautiful – but not for long. Wet springs, blistering summers and frigid winters quickly take their toll, leaving your wood application splintered and warped. Our products are made from a patented process that results in superior, consistent, low-maintenance material. We're so confident of its durability that we back it with a limited 20-year warranty. Your NewTechWood deck and fence will look like new for years to come.

Increases the Value of Your Home

NewTechWood not only adds value to your lifestyle, it adds value to your home. When you add a NewTechWood composite deck – or use it to replace a wood deck – you'll recoup much of your investment when you sell your home.
Classic Decking

Enjoy the distinctive and attractive look of natural wood, without the labor of painting and staining. Three styles of wood grain and abundant colors inspire your creation to make the most luxurious decking system, being natural, traditional and Classic.

Products >> New Machine >> All Products Total of 30 Products

Product Name： Waste plastics recycling and reprocessing
Product Catalog: New Machine Waste plastics recycling
Product information：

Product Name： PE washing line
Product Catalog: New Machine Waste plastics recycling
Product information：

Product Name： Film drying system
Product Catalog: New Machine Waste plastics recycling
Product information：

Product Name： PE washing line -2
Product Catalog: New Machine Waste plastics recycling
Product information：

Product Name： Dewatering machine
Product Catalog: New Machine Waste plastics recycling
Product information：

Product Name： Project instance
Product Catalog: New Machine Waste plastics recycling
Product information：

Product Name： PET waste plastic recycling and reprocessing
Product Catalog: New Machine PET Recycling
Product information：

Product Name： PET recycling production line
Product Catalog: New Machine PET Recycling
Product information：

Product Name： Bale opener
Product Catalog: New Machine PET Recycling
Product information：

Product Name： Label remover
Product Catalog: New Machine PET Recycling
Product information：

Wood powder crushing and milling
Drying system for wood powder
Waste plastic crushing,washing,drying
Granulation
Product Name： WPC mixer and feeder
Product Catalog: WPC Production Line WPC mixer group
Product information：

Product Name： PE WPC granulation line
Product Catalog: WPC Production Line WPC granulation line
Product information：

Product Name： WPC profile production line
Product Catalog: WPC Production Line WPC extrusion line
Product information：

Product Name： WPC plate production line
Product Catalog: WPC Production Line WPC extrusion line
Product information：

Product Name： WPC sheet production line

Products >> New Machine >> All Products Total of 30 Products

Product Name： Waste plastics recycling and reprocessing
Product Catalog: New Machine Waste plastics recycling
Product information：

Product Name： PE washing line
Product Catalog: New Machine Waste plastics recycling
Product information：

Product Name： Film drying system
Product Catalog: New Machine Waste plastics recycling
Product information：

Product Name： PE washing line -2
Product Catalog: New Machine Waste plastics recycling
Product information：

Product Name： Dewatering machine
Product Catalog: New Machine Waste plastics recycling
Product information：

Product Name： Project instance
Product Catalog: New Machine Waste plastics recycling
Product information：

Product Name： PET waste plastic recycling and reprocessing
Product Catalog: New Machine PET Recycling
Product information：

Product Name： PET recycling production line
Product Catalog: New Machine PET Recycling
Product information：

Product Name： Bale opener
Product Catalog: New Machine PET Recycling
Product information：

Product Name： Label remover
Product Catalog: New Machine PET Recycling
Product information：

WPC-NY90*25

WPC--NY150*25

WPC--NYFZSH150*26

WPC-Wall board NY75*25

WPC--NYFZSH90*19

WPC-NYS150*25

WPC-NY145*30

WPC-NY90*25

WPC-pillar for fence 90*90B

WPC (wood plastic-fiber composite)

2010-04-30T03:13:00.000-07:00

Indian massage technique skin care

2009-11-26T05:45:00.000-08:00

Especially in the face and back acne vulgaris is a common skin disease. Drugs in the treatment of topical or systemic medications are used. But in some cases, the discomfort of our patients will face much can leave scars. Mild acne scars with no prescription dermatogların own formula may be prepared. More profoundly in the half-hour sessions per week for a period of 2 we can get results. Is no redness in the first 3 sessions later with collagen synthesis fibroblastlardan pit at the rate of improvement is monitored b70 percent. Average 8 treatment sessions are completed.

Brown stains after inspection of treatment is decided. According to the depth of stain options exist. The patient at home for mild epidermal stain formula can apply to prescription and 1 month or 2 months after complete response I get. In deep stain with cream iclear xl application doing device. A total of 6 sessions per week for 1 session to take the consequences.
Indian miracle: Çampisaj

Çampisaj, namely aromatic Indian head massage, Ayurveda part. There are two important functions according Ayurvedaya massage: one detoxify the body, the second cell and tissue supply. Çampisaj, upper body, back, shoulders, scalp, hair and face special aromatic özyağlarla applied, muscles relax and blood circulation which accelerates a massage.

Harmful external factors such as stress, upper body and head of energy is blocked in the leads. Results of the headache, concentration disorders, depression and muscle to keep ... Çampisaj, energy savings by distributing their helps in eliminating complaints. This upper body massage and be kept in the muscle joint pain caused by immobility, back in the nodules, chronic stiff neck, headache, migraine, such as shedding hair and dandruff-related complaints, percentage pain, toxins accumulation, anxiety, restlessness, tension, anxiety, insomnia, concentration disorders and mental fatigue is effective in such cases. Applying for a period of 40 minutes to sit down, you are prompted over özyağlar can take place without the use of clothing.

Four important points

MARMAK points: 'Marma'nın words and hidden meanings are vital. According to the Indian energy system of the body's energy centers that MARMAK points. Acupuncture points are similar, but larger ranges is also very common. These points are activated by applying pressure Çampisajda.

Akupresur: Body found on specific acupuncture points of scrubbing power lines, printing and other applications to be activated. Akupresurla, energy flow is moving.

Chakra balancing: balancing with some technical Çampisajda chakras, energy flow in the body is being strengthened.

Aromatic özyağlar: Çampisajda specific özyağlar being used. Laurel, pine and rosemary is energizing, lemon, grapefruit and juniper are mobilized, cardamom, coriander and sage are balanced, lavender, chamomile and geranium rural residents makes, orange blossom, ylang ylang slows and gii ; nlük, myrrh, sandalwood and gives tefarik mental serenity.

* * *

Myoterapi, muscle layer is thought to have caused the damage pain and contractions applied to resolve a massage technique. Damage in question, for example traffic accidents, sports accidents, the result of an adverse action can occur and spread to other parts of the body can ache. Myoterapistler, to the point where the damage is spasm resolved there is the hand massage. While experts do not use drugs or aids.

* * *

Toxins purified from

Manual lymph drainage massage explained, while the scientifically accepted in the United States and Europe and has been applied in hospitals will be told immediately. In this massage to comfort the people, as refleksolojide, hand tools except for any help or medication is not used. Therefore, no side effects. Lymphatic drainage massage is detoxify the body, positively affect the work of the lymph glands, and strengthens the body's defense mechanisms. To resolve to lose weight and cellulite is still in use.

* * *

foot peak healing route: Reflexology

Reflexology, the entire region of the body, organs and systems that correspond to the reflex points in the feet to a massage. Foot with a special technique by applying pressure or rubbing of the energy in the body can be notified whether the act is actually established.

Foot massage is not helpful in any drug use. Therefore, no side effects refleksolojinin. Such as acupuncture reflexology just gives successful results in functional disorders. For example, a wound healing, a broken bone does not allow boiling. However, indigestion, menstrual period pains, stress, insomnia, back pain, rheumatism, sinusitis, asthma, sciatica and prostate-related diseases is very good. In the first three months of pregnancy, reflexology is not recommended. With his hands and feet Refleksologlar be examined, to determine which region or organ is sick, and then to the spot on the foot with the hands and fingers

pressure is applied. Anatomy and physiology of the person who made natural massage to know the terms.

Chinese acupuncture is thought to have been discovered with Refleksolojinin. But the Western world, until the beginning of this century was unaware refleksolojiden. Who introduced him to the Western ear-nose-throat specialist Dr Americans. William H. Fitzgerald was. American doctor, inspired by the Chinese as 'regional therapy'

developed a method he called. In 30 years' regional intensive therapy to the feet to the world, promoting the acquisition, the American Eunice Ingham masseuse. Today, Britain, Belgium and France have reflexology schools.

A more recent technique that is spreading increasingly refleksolojisi hand. Does not need to undress or lie, this massage method is everywhere, every moment can be applied.

* * *

Waist and neck hernia end to

An ancient Chinese massage technique that 'manipulation' treatment actually osteopathy, şiatsu, the general name given to some of the techniques such as şiropraktik. Manipulative therapy for neck and waist hernia, muscle spasms, headaches caused by problems in the neck, spine and non-surgical non-drug deadlocks

As can be treated. Some intestinal and stomach discomfort and sometimes manipulative treatment is successful in his results.

Manipulative therapy specialist, diseased area by applying pressure with his hands, rotate, stretch and massage is done. However, high blood pressure, heart, lung and diabetes patients, without resorting to this practice should always consult their doctor.

Usually three to seven sessions to achieve results manipulation therapy Far East countries, the USA, Europe, and quite common in Canada. In Turkey, much of the price list is unclear in the Room Is Physicians, that was officially recognized.

Manipulative therapy that has several centers in Turkey, the most well known and Manipulation Physical Therapy Center in Bursa. Make treatment with physiotherapist Dr actually. Ali Şahabettinoğlu.

Dr. Şahabettinoğlu, specialization thesis on the made manipulative treatment, as well as England, Russia, Japan saw in the courses. "13 years just try to deal with it, manipulative physiotherapy treatment is no longer much demand do not apply" the doctor according to the information given by this method for some private insurers, some do not meet.

* * *

Osteopathy, relieve pain, mobility of joints to give back to the soft tissue (muscle and head) a manual massage. According to experts, muscular-skeletal system, coordination right, the body can not function fully met, and that is causing pain and problems. Self-improvement goal osteopathy have the power by supporting the body, he can be summarized to speed up the healing process.

19. In the middle of the century that an American doctor Dr. Still developed osteopathy by Andrew Tyler, is being used in three different areas of the body. Muscle-joint systems, internal organs and the brain and the body's central control system in the treatment of the environment. Joints pain, accidents, injuries or diseases arising after surgery,

allergic and chronic diseases, acute pain, hormonal disorder caused by the complaints, the development of children and adolescents in the treatment of depressive disorders and rheumatic diseases such as cancer and can be used as supportive treatment may be applied in the osteopathic.

The principles of osteopathic be summarized as follows: 1 Is a whole people. 2. Self-healing power of the body in a planned manner. 3. Structure and function are linked.

* * *

the spine complaints a şiropraktik a

Word meaning 'manual therapy' the 'şiropraktik', spine, nervous system, muscles, joints and connective disorders in the diagnosis, treatment and prevention on the spine for the treatment. The goal is for people who are the backbone of the complaint, natural ways to help. However, the spine caused by many different problems, for example, in women of menstrual pains in the extreme, sometimes on the arms and legs striking the neck, shoulder and chest pains, headaches, migraines, breathing while strain, in the form of digestive disorders can also occur. Even babies can be treated with şiropraktik method. The basis of the treatment of freedom of movement restricted joints (spine and hip joints) to re-gain mobility. Correction of a person's posture disorders, and the spine to move to support the teaching of some exercise is always şiropraktiğin field.

Şiropraktik, Daniel David Palmer in 1895 was developed by an American. Which is itself a branch of medicine şiropraktoloji, neurology, internal medicine, rheumatology and orthopedics are among. Europe, Australia and North America 80 percent of people with spine problems was stated to şiropraktoloğa. Some countries (Germany), seen as a part of alternative medicine şiropraktik, USA, Switzerland, Denmark, France, Britain and New Zealand in a certified medical branch official.

* * *

Physical medicine in is driving

Şiatsu, namely Japanese 'finger to push', with the tips of the thumb or other fingers, palms of the sensitive points of the body is made by applying pressure. These sensitive points in Japanese means flower pot or jar 'Tsuboi' it said. These points, of fatigue, stress, discomfort and the location of the accumulation of muscle, bone, lymph nodes of nerves, glands are over. They also apply pressure gland of the nervous system and provides regular work, facilitates digestion and blood circulation is accelerating. Thus, the body's own self-preservation and improvement of energy goes into motion. Japanese massage technique based on the foundation of Chinese medicine as' diagnosis and treatment şiatsu'da hands and works.

There are two basic methods şiatsu. One of the above-mentioned method, developed by Tokujiro Namikoshi, the other for the Far East in the body-mind-spirit medicine plays an important role for the integrity of the meridians is based, developed by Iokai method Shitsuto Masunaga . Interestingly, Chinese medicine has a long tradition in Japan, which exclude the principles of Chinese medicine is more popular Namikoshi method and the state recognized by the first method is şiatsu. Although a method of thousands of years, to the West in the 1970s coincides şiatsu met.

Being of people in the world

2009-11-24T18:27:00.000-08:00

Being of people in the world of animals that live on the valuable document to my readers here would like to announce.

Maybe dream or not I also may be those with two thousand years and Karaburun Mordoğanda elephants, gazelles, rhinos, and the first zürefa fossil found, scientists determine the age of the world agenda is from a geological event. We wanted to serve.

first and the first human civilization could not pass without mention.

first man and civilizations

How started:

front lifestyle and numbers separated with little The human society before many people live and pre-live lives since the times during the history of humanity has become available. Civilizations hundreds of thousands more miles of the region into the area and the individual life to the duration of died a long period covering millions of people life still loose a coherent way of life ends in an extremely large community are. And great he's my very long life with society as defined civilizations numbers many not be the result contains indeed occur when the date of civilized society until today more than four different civilizations together has not been found to exist. Native Americans lived in a new world, one common number of different civilizations should not exceed three. I've written my first 1-2-3'cü book tastes success with regards to me, a shorter work all about the history of humanity my personal opinion is not effective nevertheless cognizable, and can be remembered later on can be considered as a unifying and virtue to be reasonable, bearing my opinions come from me personally the field people, students and other readers who wish to write the thesis, readers find out BLOGLARIMIZ convinced.

I changed my worldview in the history of the world that changes the balance of influence in research centers in the face of the ring emerged new and old information that combines positive about this opportunity to review such a perspective in different civilizations on earth and archaeological attractions of technology and art history, sometimes in have been hidden from view. Geology in the world come to light have not closed up to several tips I found by going deep ege Ünüversitesi on the nature of teacher to me more research opportunities for the courage to give me history of the world's deep not to reach the light by holding people's lives in the universe, animals in the ancestors of living of the world, reaching to get me to a power gazelles, rhinos, zürefe, horses and elephants and their ancestors lived before Karaburun and Mordoğanda ten million years I find that my first fossil evidence, the Greek sea between Turkey not to come into the world agenda, scientists were amazed.

Karaburun and geological information, including Mordağanda I continued to write my book. Than with interested people before the animals' existence after it has found either in human history when the common humanity of the history of research time, believed to have my research first striking in terms began work Karaburun peninsula beaches stretching to the input output with mountain slopes a different view, become white fig is kıreterler stalactitic cliffs formed but Gorduklerim formed from the lava stone is composed of mud started to investigate stalactites ago Mordoğan seal (the seal) the slope of the young people in care in areas where the bones in their hands turning to look where they've played a çisimlerle. I found out there to find out what parts of nature for the historical museum by going to the doctor professor Tanju Kaya and took Vahdet Tunaya. Them where to go they went and found a few fosildaha years of the ten million years ago saying he scans coast five miles close to where Karaburuna ESENDERE mevkiinde sea cliff 40 meters high in the search started in this field and elephants, gazelles, rhinos, zürefa, lion, tiger fossils with filled a fossil I met Cemetery, a leg bone to the museum by taking on the Aegean Ünüversite'si nature to act immediately after I was taken to the scene of events TRT TV ekibide joined us. Students with their iştirakı excavations important fossils have been removed and the age of ten million years ago was listed in the media broadcast the event France Professor of scientists also came to research.

so before in human history to reach the world with the excitement before the human animal is present documents with more I understand too, and world history research is needed to access scientific information before I researched for a month to stay in Istanbul to stay later research onbeşgün take my pen to create the excitement I had my fourth book. My professional work was necessary. Our ancestors all over the world as a child hears the words one day I will break apocalyptic future world, but who knows how many times I say doomsday is broken, that's ten million years ago Karaburun peninsula was documented in How to break the Resurrection? What is the divine power of the world apart? Language, although saying although my sense of volcano eruption of the mud and lava spread of land were opened to the sea the size has changed, the lava beneath the animals collectively suppressed whether the dead pruning a known fact proved to be Greek - Turkey between the sea is not as karaparçası town that was proven was. A new page was opened taihinde world. According to scientists, the world has witnessed these events from time to time.

human history:

first major world civilizations BC Emergence and up to 500 formatted sikişleri; The first turning point in human history

to switch to food production to be reached with. These events provide a dramatic increase in the number of people left, how to gather food when hunting was not the earliest, BC Occurred in the middle east in 8500-7000 due to grain farming and migration from here to Europe through the adoption of Indian, Cine and spread agriculture in North America Africa, South America, the Tigris, Nile, Euphrates in BC Circa 3500-3000 was developed in the Mediterranean coastal locations can be made of fruit is known as the war chariots Mezapotamya civ techniques they learned, BC Shortly after 1700 for the first time stepping into the foreground of the shepherds and warriors were removed. At war with great success sağladı.Bu warriors Tile pan-European western Asia invaded the civilization was highly successful. İ.Öİ 500 is coming to Greece a unique civilization, the foundation won the power throw then in Egypt, Central Asia to, Mezapotamyada three civilizations in the generation of on the middle east one-to-peak can oldu.Birden DAHADA mixed empires occurred. Jews BC 800 - BC Century, lived between 600 formed by the Prophet of Indian religions Buddhism, Chinese philosophy of the Greek kofüçyüs'çülüğü religion was so lively and convincing. Eurasian civilization BC 500 human form with the emergence of the World tarihinini initial term ended.

katılımi world of pre-human period on the basis of skills that come with their lives were already maintained, the use of wood and stone tools learners have been in the front human communities. Front man during infancy, childhood longer held the mother and the father's information thoroughly understand that the success ulaştırmıştır.İnsanlar stone cutting tools knives, daggers by making war had done and cold climate in the face of animal skins and combine vertical to the skin off their wiry upright with the body of the cold from the cold body to protect their learning and dragged the rain pouring water in the clouds with increased vegetation and the animal source of food for people became.

RELIGION HISTORY

priest of another saygınlıklarınının basis how pleasing to the gods will look how the religious songs of the information should be read first as being redact BC . Circa 1800 have learned.

Font art:

to hear what they write about this article have to learn the art of kalmışlar.İ.Ö. The use of text documents 3000 azsonra started.

Irrigation BC 3000 years of development has reached the level of water engineering. As a result, military power ta BC Priest in 3000 due to the leadership of the rival gods kırallık initially looking for people who own one of the representatives appointed as per the priesthood on behalf of the gods will make someone suggested that they appoint one of the priests in times of war olacaktır.ancak arbiter will be the high priest.

Saban 's invention

before İ.Ö.3000 people of the agricultural work force in agriculture has learned how to use it.

BC Greek civilization Developed between 500-336 and sprinkled occurrence

Greek cities of Ionia

Kyros'un take away Krezüsün channel is broken küküçük BC Lydian Asia Since the ongoing management against the Persians 546 BC 499'da. The uprising was suppressed after 5 thousand years, the leading city of the coast of Miletus was sacked. This first period of the war between the Persians Yunalart old, the Persians won the final victory. However, then the names were unheard many. The Greek city of Athens and two minor ones Eritra uprising against the shores of desdeklemek ege to send a few boats showed gözüpekliğini for Kıral BC Darius was not satisfied this result In order to punish this city 490''da sent troops sacked Erithrayı'yı. Then inside the city's gates will open Persians anlaşılıyorki a betrayal to occur, as hoped, 45 kilometers away from Athens for the marotonda landed. Not succeed to ship back the Persians attacked the Athenians while riding marotonda brilliant victory won. News of this victory by a sprinter can reach Pers ships was reached within a time shorter than a süredan. (today's marathon name with this incident has received.) Thus, the Persians ships agreed format Athens in front of them when appearing in the city traitors to act did not, then it achieve the objectives are not invaders withdrew and went away.

These collisions Persians Europe to Greece to conquer on the way to serious attempts, only one introduction of the carried. Son and successor of such an initiative Driusun for Kserkses Empire consisting of 60 thousand people gathered to the land army, the Persians prepared really well for this victory. A floating bridge over the Bosphorus was founded in the fight to all the Thracian coast need to be stored bayunca goods fell for submission to the blood to the Greek diplomatic delegations sent. Many cities in a search word passes Delphideki of Greek priests claimed the Persians before the adoption of conditions of doing business wanted. But not to each other very tightly bonded to a Spartan-led confederation consisting of twenty-kada city did not accept the submission, a small army of Sparta birlği pers in the north was trying in vain to stop Termopilai'de. This crossing over the army and Kserksesin south toward the city when the Athenians were forced to empty. Athens advancing troops pers were plundered by the Persians and yıkıldı.Bununla friendly and non-rotated into ruins in a country where armies meet gereksimlerini great difficulties in the way they encounter such achievements of the Greeks is provided to surrender as victory seemed. Therefore Kserkses victory by attacking the Greek navy to provide tried to take Greece to the mainland with the island of Salamis the Persians in the narrow passage From the Greek navy navy boat doubled over the movement of Greek reason değildi.Bu convenient, with skilled and daring maneuver BC Of a clear military victory kazanabildiler.Bu defeat 480s on the part Kserkses decision to return the iranai verdi.Pers BC troops Merged with the army of the Greek city 479'da met Platea'da. Greeks still remained in the victory. This success then moved to the opposite shore of ege atınalılar war. These initiatives encouraged the Ion ket.

now on, the writing is taking a wait more valuable readers of your interest ..
700 thousand years ago people from flour, very well-built ship ocean cruises with what they do Did you know? Or tell us "primitive cave men" to be introduced as a people, a talent that will not actually among today's painters and aesthetics have never heard that they do? 80 thousand years ago and we have lived by evolutionists "ape man" trying to look like the Neanderthal race, musical instruments are doing, clothing-generation have the pleasure, hot sand with sandals in the shape of the visit Did you know?

Most likely they just have not heard any of them before. On the contrary, these people half-ape half-human, deprived of speech, unable to stand upright, only the odd murmur draw, wild cave may have been lost to the men that are mistaken. Because of this big lie, about 150 years, people around the world are being preached.

The purpose of this suggestion, the materialist philosophy is to keep it alive.

Materialist, that materialist philosophy, deny the existence of the Creator. According to this view the facts found, the universe and is without substance, that a creator is not due to start. This superstition is the basis of the pseudo-scientific theory of evolution creates. Because materialists, the universe is not a creator of the universe for this claim emerged in how the level of vitality and self-description that are expected to bring. Theory of evolution is a scenario used for this purpose. According to this scenario, all the layout and vitality in the universe, was formed spontaneously as a result of coincidence. The primitive world, as some inanimate substances came together by chance to have created the first living organisms. As a result of the coincidence of millions of years is the first living organisms found at the end of the chain of evolution, the evolution of human occurred. As a result, each of which was impossible under the millions that allegedly occurred in human history, yet according to this scenario integrated story.

No scientific evidence according to this non-narrative human history is as follows: How primitive that the vitality of an organism, the most advanced up to the people organism has advanced, the history of humanity from the most primitive human societies toward the most advanced human societies must be progress. This is an assumption without scientific basis. And this hypothesis, materialist philosophy and the theory of evolution claims that have been prepared according to the history of humanity is the basis.

Evolutionist scientists, rather than a single cell to cell, and then the so-called process of evolution from ape to man extends to explain the history of the evolution of scenario. For this? Primitive human? Of describing the way of life "cave era," Stone Age "were invented such as the imaginary term. "People monkeys were derived from an ancient common ancestor with the" lies that evolutionists defending these allegations prove to the search for self had entered and archaeological excavations have found every part of the stone or arrow or a pot in this direction have commented on. However, in a dark cave to post a sitting wrapped, non-speech creatures half-human half-ape, only one is a product of imagination. Primitive man did not have any time, Stone Age has never happened. Some of these evolutionary, with the help of the media they create is nothing other than eyewash.

They are dying one eye because biology, paleontology, microbiology, genetic science, mainly Developments in the field of science today, the claim that evolution was completely destroyed. Each other and the evolution of species into the allegation of invalidity was understood. In the same way that humans evolve from ape-like creatures. People, that since there is human. Since there is a culture that has a high. Thus "evolution of history," he has never done.

In this book, "The evolution of human history" of the scientific evidence of the invalidity of claims put, he will examine the scientific findings support the fact of creation. People into this world not through evolution, which has an infinite mind power and flawless creation of Allah has come.

human beings

2009-11-24T18:05:00.000-08:00

Referred to as human beings living beings, we live on planet Earth and all the planets form our solar system is the most intelligent living. What makes people different from other living things of the intelligence and ability are the most important features.

People, known throughout history built around the movements and their causes, lived on the earth, solar system, galaxy, and their continuous efforts in the way the whole universe has been detected. Consisting of meat and bone can not do with the body works, created âletlerle tried to do. With a perspective as if the deep structure, ie the genetic information, "Existence of the Explore" duty lies.

Known or predicted human history dates back to 50,000 years BC. Fossil remains of this period, written works and legends to the present day has come. As is known, and people live their existence on earth are the various approaches and dogmatic beliefs. A symbolic expression of all living things according to scholastic approach to a spiritual power were created in a day. According to the theory of evolution and the general findings of our day 200 to 500 thousand years ago, Homo Erectus from sea to land on two feet, erected at exit, a process that can think more people in the Homo Sapiens that has been formed. 200 thousand years ago we thought the day people can default, only 6000 years before our day began to take giant steps and past a known history of mankind on earth was formed. The previous period from the end of the 6000-year history of humanity, the various ideas are related. On the basis of this idea, all the holy books and the emergence of religions from celestial history books and art works relating to previous periods of the events described in the lies. The "Great Flood Mytery", "Darwinism Defined" retroactive ideas and a great wonder of human existence with patients are already being investigated. According to another approach, we are living in all living things on earth are not the result of Resurrection of the galaxy have come from a planet is thought to have been.

As is known the world community of the planet in the Milky Way called the planets are. Milky Way galaxy in the universe is just one of billions of galaxies. Milky Way galaxy, solar system also consists of billions in itself. Within the solar system, perhaps the most far-flung corner of the Milky Way galaxy that remain, perhaps the track is one of the most forgotten.

People, we know our self-knowledge and knowledge since the time constant was evaluated as the existence, lived a moment of the day away from Gail and immersed in contemplation as "Where are we going to come from" question has been asked constantly self. In a space without walls and boundaries occasionally as if a cell has entered into contemplation. We know the meaning of this question in mind to start using the symbolic meaning of the term also has continued to perform. We learn from the Mu civilization Naacal up to this question was self-contemplation cells. Is the continuation of civilization as adopted in the creation of the Great Egyptian civilization, the pyramids of Khafre and Menkaure (BC 3000) at the bottom of the cells in the occasional contemplation can not be solved by submerging the answer to this question has been making efforts for. Then discovered thousands of years, although still so many unknown self to ask the same question and enter the cell at a symbolic level is contemplation.

People in this research process, to achieve the goal of creating tools to facilitate life, to the invention is in the way of progress. Within the last thousands of years the continuous efforts of supplies has created a quantitative accumulation of these deposits in the qualitative transformation sometimes create sparks were polished.

That affect human life on earth with all these great transformations have been referred to as age. The concept of the cultural history of mankind occurred at the age of the resulting developments are major steps identified. Ancient, Medieval, Early Modern derken, "age" concept is used in this sense.

Life in the age of the first known people of the world struggle for survival in difficult natural conditions were given. Findings of this period occurred in the period known as Stone and metal transfer is caused by us. Paleolithic period and the human world on the polished stone struggle to sustain life can benefit with the aim you can kill other living arms made of stone. Process using more mines operated in the fire had continued its development and the struggle with nature.

Ability to make tools, the most important feature that separates humans from other living things is one of the. People, we know the period since the beginning produces technology is an asset. This perspective also includes the evolution of technology on all of humanity. Technology manufactured by craftsmen in the early human being. My concept of the ancient Greeks technology "Techno" ie "craft" and "logos" ie "words" consisting of words with a definition were already expressed.

Against difficult conditions of nature in human history the struggle for life lasted thousands of years. Features of life facilitator made use of instruments and the process accelerated with the increasing technological advances have begun to identify life.

In the process of human evolution, knowledge, and judge it by evaluating the results obtained by the mind, reason and logic, the result of emerging technology, interactive and progress is a process that can be seen. Information has been obtained by a process and accumulation, the mind has been evaluated by, the results of new discoveries and inventions that has provided new tools to be made. With the use of these new beauties and new information was obtained.

RENAISSANCE

Known in ancient history, people with a history of the struggle with nature is intense. This so-called era of the ancient era, continue BC 700 - AD 500 years between araştırıcılık, philosophy, discoveries and inventions front seat.

Throughout history, people always questioned the "existence" of cases have been investigated intensively in the ancient times. During this period, real science does not exist yet called imaging science designs. Of the gods, the creation of the universe and man's thoughts on the philosophical meaning is produced. Greek philosophers and natural events have examined the formation of the universe. The main substance of the universe Thales "Water" is defined as. Anaximenes it "Air", Herakleitos "Fire" Anaximandros "Unlimited and unskilled Article One" was also. Democritus the universe "Empty Atoms in space" is defined as. Surveyed during the ancient times, the "Where We Come" to the question of the emergence of monotheistic religion was a response. To investigate this phenomenon, perhaps a surrender of the people became exhausted during and medieval thought, belief, gave up the location.

Middle Ages, when the suppression of individuality, consciousness, unity of religion in people living with a social identity is a period when. Especially in western countries, the basic elements of life and state administration teşkilâtıdır church. Under the dogma of the church to the community based management, creating an event believed to be unique to the god of freedom and life in this world continues to prepare for the other world. Based on this dogma has long dark life. Outside the church as an active force in China invented gunpowder Derebey, come to the west and as a result of the development of technology have begun to lose their effectiveness. With technological development in Western society has begun to awaken the consciousness of individuality, workshops began to be made on the basis of production, in time, brought him to the creation of capital accumulation. 15. at the end of that century, the world started to make great geography discovery of the first row starting in Italy and then spread to other European countries for innovation in the field of literature and art is called the Renaissance. Religious society based on medieval social awareness of the individuality of consciousness along with the Renaissance was to germinate. As is known in this period, especially with the dogma based on individual efforts of artists and the world order has collapsed today as the beginning of civilization has begun to experience the enlightenment era.
Industrial revolution and developments in all fields of science iv.

Live assets from sea to land, to crawl to his feet to attempt the evolution, of the writing conquest industrial revolution until the time of developments in the last century, even in 1950, electronics and computer technology of the transistor in Since the elapsed time in humanity has received improvements compared to an exponential speed improvement is seen.

Modern man, this dazzling technology development opportunities in the communication can do until the end of the planet we live on and all the points of settlement in the house via a computer board can go, on the other side of Earth is an event monitor can live. This rapid development and the discovery of the mysteries of the universe in the direction of this extraordinary race, the people to remain within certain molds and keep up to speed for the fast flow is forced to live. Industrial society compared with people of previous centuries, people, lifestyle, art and cultural understanding, with the external appearance and habits vary. Appeals to a sense of folk music or classical music, the location, speed the flow of life that expresses pop music, underground, rock, etc.. music has been released to flow. Wear the colors and aesthetic concepts, where the brand is left to the concept.

Photo-based art technique by finding a place to think through observation, observation of the imagination beyond the understanding of an art which a back seat to the left was removed. Impressionism, expressionism into place, it also into abstract art and then to approach the performance began to drop. The sun sank down people who sleep with electric lighting scheme with the establishment of the now 24-hour living, producing and existing speed limits are higher than all.

Rapid pace of production and technology capabilities of the people who use people over everyday life in the vicious cycle of feeling estranged, more success, faster life, such as more production has entered into a race. Human growth rate of the fast life that increases in technology, technological developments further hızlandırmaktadır life. Human and machine are in a state race. People mend machine, is away from sentimentality. Emotional, the world's values, that people can not live yourself enough humanitarian values, the location, the robot is left to become an object.

Industrial production in monotonous order and discipline and does not accept sistemsizlik. Works automatically canceled, people are pushed into a life monotonous. Imposed on individual human life became the robot of industrialization have led to the. Also affect the emotional life of people in this life has likened them to the machine they use, the competent day to day, but at the same rate to move away from the social life has led. Fast communication with social and individual changes are to a large audience instantly. Most of the value that society has begun to lose something important. Idealism slow, slow to complete the mission, rationalism is rapidly exit a back seat. Industrial society of people today, living in the scientific and technological life of the scheme has been forced to adopt Despite all the rebellious.

RESULTS

21. century as it enters the technology is moving incredibly rapidly. Man's own "me" at the borders in front of individual creativity to discover and destroy the improvements no longer be cut off before started. Found in 1950 with transistorun Since the industrial revolution which has created a quantitative accumulation of a character transformation. Life began to change rapidly line. Instead, through the arm strength that period of life which tools to facilitate human brain after that date in lieu of labor began to produce smart appliances. The rapid growth of electronic technology into everyday life in the lab environment and also captured the imagination of developments began to be obtained. Technological products as a result of very cheap, it's only chance of obtaining technology that was given to people from a building, it is available to everyone has been switched to a layout. Exceptional communication capabilities has increased. Thus, in hand, mind their individual talents with a back seat out of millions of creative people with tools, in every field began producing. Founded on the world wide communication networks also began to share information. Humanity, 21 century, which will affect a large extraordinary synergy system which became an important part of life INTERNET quickly. 20. century during the last fifty years developments in fact obtained 21 for centuries, and then only gives a sign. Since 1950, obtained from the known human developments since the resulting developments are thought to be hundreds of times beyond the understanding of the future will be very different.

21. century experienced a cyber-age will be seen. Developments in communications technology and the possibilities of technology in this area offer a wide spread to the masses with the world, using a common language, same culture and national borders are experiencing a global rise to a scheme is progressing rapidly. Even today, via a computer in hand with opportunities in the world access to information resources to take action quickly as possible. Using these facilities, they have grown new value from the new youth justice because of "Global Youth" began to be referred to as.

Electronics and computer technology to the extraordinary developments in other disciplines are quickly accessible. Of these technologies used in medicine for centuries to be based on empirical methods and superficial solutions to the medical science as a fundamental human element to access the genetic program and has started to affect him. 21. century and then with the use of new technologies in the secrets of life will begin to be resolved quickly. In the first 25 years of age, the human life, 20 century also reached 80 years. 21. the 100-year life expectancy a century in the vicinity can be regarded as normal can be seen. Today, people who create electro-mechanical robots, fast evaluation of the information by using the machine slow, slow road to living beings are also being creative. Today we are receiving signals from the next century, this development of the existing values will change significantly and shows will be shaken. In this sense, the origin of the Renaissance from the field all the enlightenment movement 21 dam-century gasını will hit.

In the 1500s the population of 500 million people in the world 20 century has exceeded 5 billion. However, many species on Earth are also missing. 21. century and then we are living on the species, one of the few people in the world will be.

20. century. 'For the last fifty-year period in human history is the beginning of a process of acceleration. Cumulative result of millions of years mankind has entered the Information Age. In this age of people living in the solar system dominate the entire planet will take giant steps on the road.

Where they come from and where they are going to mind is the path to discovering the people, is moving towards becoming kamil people. Everything in the universe was created from the part is known, the order with its own access is a part.

I rarely find free time I'm also going retrospect. In conversation with my father I did how much work I have to tell me all was. Occasionally talking about the childhood and teenage years. Within the first year of the Republic with the day by comparing their own childhood gave examples. I'm trying to pick up the rest of my mind today. However, as the fingers of one hand we are talking about different issues I think. Then I would replace my father and I met my son one day when I get to my own youth I live in my subject when I started to explain the last two decades, technological advances in the rankings when the multitude of issues from this chat will take the time I'm seeing.

People called these intelligent creatures, created with technology secrets of the universe has taken important steps in the way of detection. Living in the big universe of infinite, infinitesimal atom of matter by holding up to the feeling that everything is aware of the existence. At this point came with large crawl of the information obtained is known more as a beginning, infinity of the unknown is so much to detect, but to explore the unknown as research continues to maintain perseverance.

alcohol production and fermentation

2009-11-24T07:37:00.000-08:00

DRIED FRUIT NOW ALCOHOL OBTAINED of the

According to economists, the main reason for the decline in worldwide energy production and this situation is quite expensive, but energy efficiency and alternative fuels in the production of new technologies being used balance. Inevitably, the fossil fuel production instead of "biomass" within the limits of intellectual likelihood, has become quite popular. Some may provide a solution to the problem of biomass energy. Within this partial solution, to replace conventional automotive fuel in the production of alcohol and other volatile compounds, "biomasın fermentation of sugar content" to be followed is the main road. Compounds produced in this way, it and the associated products used in the production of oil resources in place, they can.

Wide range of industrial alcohol used as fuel can be produced by, today's techniques of alcohol is widespread in kullanını area. As solvent substance in the preparation of several substances, in the production of artificial silk, made of pigment, in the production of vinegar, made of pigment, many pharmaceutical and chemical preparation of chemicals, perfumery, the nitrosellüloz and explosives in carrying out and drinking in the production of canning used.

Today, alcohol production is largely based on fermentation. To be used in fermentation of carbon sources to be cheaper, the use of biological structure and chemical composition must be able to respond to the rnikroorganizmaların physiological requirements. Cellulosic wastes, is the form most widely used today in the world biomasın. But this waste energy content, to be regulated by direct combustion is much more economical. Can be used to remove sugar from the natural cellulose used, the emerging problem worldwide acceptance of this method is not to see. Today, the most realistic substrates in the fermentation industry, which is stored energy of sugar or hydrolyzed products polisakkaritlerdir. These substrates, biomass conversion can be raised as a special, such as food waste during the production were exposed or damaged products can be. This type of raw materials, sunlight is abundant and cheap labor in countries that are emerging. Substratlara used in fermentation as an example, with grain stalks and straw, bran cereals, sugar and molasses küsbesi, fruit and vegetable residues, whey, starch residues or by-products, production of more fruits and vegetables can be given.

Our country is agricultural and food processing waste, less consumption of raw materials evaluation, in terms of fermentation in the very impressive and attractive opportunities be exploited even if the exhibit; reviews the large amount of unused or partially evaluated are no longer available.

Regarding evaluation of waste, many studies are performed. Especially ethanol production, more recently, has gained importance in many industrial wastes, city sewage waste and other solid wastes as raw materials used, and ethanol to be produced çalışılmıştır.Bu resources as raw materials for use in some pre-review process and through the hydrolysis of yeast and bacteria during fermentation of carbon sources can needs to be created. For this purpose, several methods are applied. 'Wet Oxidation', acid hydrolysis, 'ADP (Ammoniation Pressurization-Depressurization process)' and some of these methods is the hydrolysis with Cellulase enzyme. Obtained with these methods to increase efficiency in some combinations are applied. In the event the most important point to be aware of the hydrolysis side created as the hydroxy methyl n ur Furfural (HMF), substances such as ü, alcohol inhibits the operation of yeast during fermentation. To eliminate this problem by genetically adapted to perform production of ethanol using yeast. As a result of a study of two-stage acid hydrolysis using the enzyme Cellulase undocked to 75% sugar yield, the hydrolysis by-products have been adapted to the inhibitor with 90% ethyl alcohol produced Saccharomyces cerevisiae. As a result of fermentation obtained by distillation ethyl alcohol is separated from the environment. This way, the resulting ethyl alcohol, alcoholic beverages and chemical products as the main substance is used as raw material. Ethyl alcohol is the most important feature of the results revealed that the combustion of energy is an alternative to other energy sources.

Some studies of the hydrolysis and fermentation process can be performed repeatedly, as well as time and economic gains are to provide. With this method, hydrolysis byproducts that inhibit the effect of user items, the cells use glucose immediately due to reduced and efficiency has been increased. But this method, the hydrolysis temperature of the fermentation temperature is different from each other can lead to problems.

Today, ethanol is synonymous with energy. Fermentation technology, the microbiological factor is not the only criteria. The urgent need to synthetic petrochemical products has lead to the decline of the traditional fermentation industry today is not enough.

Process waste, alcohol used to produce The purpose of the increasing need for fast, but agricultural and industrial wastes to use as a substrate and environmental pollution while bringing the solution to the problem, ultimately, economic value is to obtain a product. (Chalabi and Güngör, 1997)

ince.gif

1. Raw materials used in ethanol production

Most important biochemical event in the production of ethanol, which can be fermented into ethanol by yeast, sugar is converted, according to the composition of ethanol and sugar can be fermented into ethanol production that can be available in all materials.

Ethanol containing 1.1 Raw materials:

This first group of raw materials for other purposes been subject to the ethanol fermentation, quality and other reasons, are more suitable for processing into ethanol and ethanol-containing substances such as beer and wine no longer creates. An example of this, to be used in making brandy in France as an example of the wine can give. Addition, some methods in the production of yeast bread, yeast, yeast in the production of ethanol after leaving the remaining liquid into this group.

bira.gif

Raw materials containing sugar can be fermented 1.2:

These raw materials are included in sugars, can be fermented to another without requiring pre-treatment. Applied before Ferrnantasyondan operations, fragmentation, or bored with these raw materials is to obtain grape juice. This raw sugar, sugar beet and cane molasses, sweet fruits, carob, and skim milk sap of certain plants, etc.. dir, sugar beet and sugar molasses from raw materials, France, Belgium, Hungary and Turkey; sugar cane molasses and the East Asia and South America; grapes and fruits (dry and wet) Spain, France, Turkey, Yugoslavia, Greece and Germany are used in the alcohol obtained .

1.3. Can be fermented carbohydrate containing raw materials that can be converted to sugar:

In this group, such as potatoes and cereals also contain starch, a polysaccharide such as starch inulin, lihei and cellulose containing raw materials is concerned. Before the ethanol fermentation of raw material content of carbohydrate in the structure of the oligosaccharide or polysaccharide, such as enzymatic hydrolysis or acid hydrolysis, by means of micro-organisms should be converted kullaılabileceği monosaccharides. Potato starch with raw materials from Germany, Hungary, Italy and America, Russia and Germany rye wheat in the UK; rice Britain, France, Italy and the East Asian countries (Japan and China); millet is used in alcohol production in the Mediterranean countries. Cellulose raw materials with Sweden, the United States and in Germany, while Germany and cellulose factory in Norway is now alcohol is used as raw material.

1.4. Alternative raw materials:

This proposed use of raw materials or raw materials used rarely ferrnantasyonda. Eucalyptus trees, pine forest products such as poles, wood shavings, waste-paper, cellulosic waste such as straw, nut oil extraction wastes disclosure polysaccharide; cheese production after the disclosure whey are among them. In addition, calcium carbide and acetylene obtained from lime and coke in the production of ethyl alcohol, which can be obtained via ethylene. As acetylene via calcium carbide, synthetic in Germany and Sweden: coke formed as a result of fabrication via ethylene production of alcohol is made in France and Germany.

1.5. Choosing the proper nutrients to produce ethanol stock

Although all of these valuable resources, economic opportunities and technological developments in the process, they make a choice between the necessity brings. Today, production of ethanol made from sugar cane, even if this kind of work depends on the strategies of the government. Free market economy, the three basic hammaddeyle substrates is limited. These are corn, sugar syrup and kasava'dır. The increase of unit value of energy in special circumstances, such as other raw materials can be used.

Will be used in fermentation of raw material structure, the application must be resistant to the process method. It is important that all components of nutrient stocks and industries with substrates used for research, there are big differences between. The most ideal substrates, the necessary extent in sterile water containing dissolved nutrients, the simple sugar glucose is heksoz. Aroma characters taken into consideration, without drinkable alcohol produced in the traditional way of trade, has the pressure on industrial alcohol production. Industrial alcohol produced from corn or sugar syrup, usually rum or whiskey is used in manufacturing.

Potable alcohol production industry, developed its own technology, is a system for practical and profitable. This branch of industry, offers low-priced luxury markets. This industry's techniques, energy and raw material is cheap, pollution and social needs of the struggle that has been identified in the period.

Raw materials to make it suitable for a pre-fermentation process is necessary. In the past, the substrate originally brought koınpozisyonunun considering the physical constraints as much as possible close to the ideal raw material production has not been given sufficient importance. The following features ideal substrate for fennantasyon process must contain;

1. May be fermented sugar concentration, fermentation method to suit specific process to be organized, and eventually the amount of sugar left over, to ensure a minimum level be kept.

2. Suitable substrate temperature and optimum pH derecesınde and yeast necessary for clear must contain a sufficient amount of nutrients.

3. İnokulum excluding other microorganisms, pasteurization, antibiotics or antiseptics ılavesi, sterilization methods should be destroyed with one. The selected disposal method and the degree to which work is based on the fermentation system.

4. Maya has a toxic effect on the substances, the appropriate level should be reduced or completely removed

5. Adverse effect of osmotic pressure should be kept at appropriate levels. (Chalabi and Güngör, 1997)

Table. Various raw materials per ton of 95% ethyl alcohol in any amount as a gallon (Baser, 1987)

Raw Material

Gallon

Raw Material

Gallon

Wheat

85.0

Batata

34.2

Egypt

84.0

Potatoes

22.9

Buckwheat

83.4

Sugar beet

22.1

Raisins

81.4

Fresh figs

21

Sorghum

79.5

Jerusalem

20

Brass

79.5

Cane

15.2

Barley

79.2

Grape

15.1

Dry dates

79

Apple

14.4

Rye

78.8

Apricot

13.6

Melas

70.4

Pear

11.5

Oat

63

Peach

11.5

Dried figs

59

Erik

10.9

Prunes

72

Carrot

9.8

(Chalabi and Güngör, 1997)

ince.gif

2. Ethanol production methods

2.1. Indirect hydration method:

This method consists of three steps;

a) Ethylene in the mono and diethyl sulfate concentrated sulfuric acid to be absorbed.

b) Ethyl sulfate hydrolysis of the ethyl alcohol.

c) intensification of diluted sulfuric acid.

The reaction equation is:

forml.jpg

2.2. Ethylene hydration method:

This method involved the catalytic effect of water with ethylene is formed. 1000 psi and 300 ° C to high pressures such as high temperatures are needed. Egzotermiktir reaction.

(CH2 = CH2 + H2O à CH3CH2OH + 19000 btu / Ib.mol)

Reactor is slowly returned. Therefore, non-reaction of ethylene, a large loop hacmiııe needs. Fresh ethylene feed back loop ethylene 0.5 - 1.0 mol is mixed with water. Both reactors are in a state of steam at the top. The steam leaving the reactor, a reaction because the reaction egzotermik fresh edle than supply hot. Reactor residues, whether or chilled lesser extent with caustic soda, are neutralized. Ethyl alcohol and water did not react Yoğuşmuş are separated from the gas. Not react with ethylene gas to transfer and the traces of ethyl alcohol is washed with water to return. 190 ° C to increase ethanol Yoğuşmuş distillation is ethyl alcohol.

2.3. Fermentation method:

Simple definition of fermentation microbial activity and influence of the high molecular weight organic substances, is to part with a much simpler matter. Egzotermik is an event. Fermentation mechanism by first Gay-Lussac, heksoz sugar ethanol and carbon dioxide has been described as stokrometrik.

(2C2H5OH à C6H12O6 + 2CO2)

heksoz sugar ethanol

(180) (92) (88)

100 kg = 51.1 kg of sugar heksoz ethanol + 51.1% increase of weight gain 48.9 kg of carbon dioxide is known as Gay-Lussac coefficient and the efficiency of conversion is used to describe the basic information.

Understanding of this mechanism, the other a step taken by Louis Pasteur and his experiments serve as a bridge between the science of microbiology has seen.

Table 1: Obtained from Ideal Pastor Alcohol Fermentation Earnings

Wt%

Ethanol ...................................... 48.4

Carbon dioxide .......................... 46.6

Glycerol ..................................... 3.3

Sukinik acid ............................... 0.6

Cell material ........................ 1.2

TOTAL ............................... 100.1

Compare original sugar product exhibits a wider view. The reason for this comes from external sources of oxygen and cellular nutrients that are necessary for growth.

That's why Pastor coefficient, theoretical GL (Gay-Lussac) have 94.7% of the gain is. GL earnings, earnings of ethanol is the maximum that can be obtained by fermentation. Coefficient with the use of yeast or karbonbidratlardan pastor to be received back with yeast growth can be increased. Commercial practice, when a non-ideal substrates, this substrate in an appropriate fermentation time 90% conversion efficiency is obtained in GL.

The most commonly used types of yeast fermentation Sacchromyces and Saccchromyces carlsbergenesis cerevisiae (uvarum) of London. Because these species, and carbon dioxide higher alcohol tolerance, rapid growth and fermentation capacity, the number of microorganisms in industrial processes for the worldwide reduction in the number of features, such as with specific yeast species are most preferred.

Table: 2 - 100 gr. with yeast fermentation of glucose results should be limits the concentration of the product

PRODUCTS Concentration Limits (g product / 100 g fermented glucose)

Ethanol ...................... 45-49

Carbon dioxide ......... 43 -47

Glycerol ................... 2 to 5

Sukinat ................... 0.5-1.5

Mixed alcohol .......... 0.2 - 0.6

Acetate ..................... 0-1.4

......... Butilen glycol 0.2 - 0.6

Cell material ...... 0.7 - 1.7

2.3.1. Fermentation process:

Both discrete and continuous processes are applied and this cell cycle processes often combine several forms. Cell cycle, such as to shorten the fermentation time is converted into cell material also reduces the amount of substrate. Finds common application in Melle-Boinat discrete processes, then withdrawn from the fermentation of yeast cells, containing fresh substrate is added into another fermentation tank. Operations to include m3 de 15 kg of dry matter and the type of yeast, depending on the substrate structure and the working temperature between 8-18h a time in the process is carried out.

Today, the 3-5 is arranged in the closed tank koskat system consisting of units with a fast and continuous fermentation technique is quite valuable. Each tank and its cooling system has a system that determine the concentration of ethanol. Usually the initial concentration of 4% ethanol v / v and output at 10% v / v dir. This system, although the efficiency of 10-20 kg etanol/m3.h a higher efficiency for the laboratory systems are foreseen. Efficiency; ideal substrate, the conversion of sugar to the cheap and reliability is dependent on. Obtained in the classical discrete method veriınlilik 1.5 - 3 kg etanol/m3.h is. High efficiency with speed is a link between Gay-Lussac coefficient. Economic aspect; seen a reduction in waste, to increase fermentation rate observed is preferred.

Inhibitory effect of ethanol:

Yeast fermentation of sugar to ethanol with the most important parts of the restrictive effects of ethanol itself. Glucose, to ethanol and CO2 during the conversion to a two mol mol glucose, ATP also revealed. Low levels of ethanol, this ATP is used in the glucose enter cells so that new growth rate, substrate usage rate reaches the highest rate. Resulting high levels of ethanol fermentation described in discrete two things are observed. First, the substrate utilization rate decreases. Because, on the catabolism of sugar, still with a mechanism to ensure that ethanol can not be revealed. Second, the ATP necessary to maintain the cell functions are routed to the repair process for the catabolism of sugar for the yeast to the development of the energy is reduced. As a result of rising levels of ethanol effects, both on yeast growth, as well as on ethanol production rate becomes apparent.

If the initial sugar level is high enough, the resulting alcohol level, the cells that will prevent further development would be extremely high, in fact the cells begin to die and they can live, high ethanol level and the duration of exposure depends on the severity. However, cells do not develop, and it shall pursue ethanol production, ethanol continues until reaching a very high level.

Substrates fed excessive fermentation in a discrete events are successful is in the beginning, yeast growth, ethanol production is in line with; ethanol production continue though, yeast development slows; event to stop the development and survival rate started to fall though, ethanol production also stops. The ethanol level a kind of suspension of yeast growth is limited and this "against the development of ethanol tolerance" is called. Ethanol production is a different limit stop determines the point that this too "production''is called tolerance. In general, developing tolerance 6-9% w / v border, although the production tolerance of 15% w / v and more may go on.

Yeast:

Alcohol is used in the production of yeast, Saccharomyces spp; Endomycetaceae family are located in the class Ascomycetes. Are in single-celled and microscopic structure. Size varies between 7-10 μ. And alcoholic drinks sector in particular are used in making bread. Glucose containing raw material, is fermented with Saccharomyces species diluted alcohol solution is obtained.

Optimum temperatures for growth of the yeast species dependent. For example, the optimum temperature for the type of Saccharomyces cerevisiae 27-30 ° C, 25 ° C. for ellipsoideus. Optimum pH for the yeast 3,4-3.9 'dur. Beside the availability of water, nutrients, osmotic pressure, oxygen and light is more than the effect on the growth of the yeast.

line.gif

incir.jpg

Obtain alcohol from scrap of Figs

Our country in the world produced 46.5% of the ini produces figs. Namely that 14% of industrial scrap is fig. This means that each fig yı1 6000 tons, consumption remains as now. This fig for evaluating the best way, with high sugar content of fruit is to produce alcohol.

Çelebi and Güngör (1997), experiments, alcohol produced from scrap figs search for optimum conditions, they. In this study, a large portion of the sugar content of figs consisting of reducing sugars, alcohol was used as raw material. Stirred - Heated tank received in the fig cider, filters, sterilization, nutrient addition, vaccination was abandoned fernantasyona after such operations. Discrete fermentation method is used. Into the mouths of prepared culture media Erlenler sponges were left to ferment in the oven by closing. Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been used as. In this study the efficiency of ethanol scrap figs were investigated ways to maximize. Maya development and to increase the level of ethanol production purposes, at different rates to the fermentation medium (NH4) 2HPO4, MgSO4, peptone and yeast extract addition was made. Accordingly, the pH adjusted, filtered, and made additional element not fattening, culture media (fig syrup) has reached the maximum percentage of alcohol. The reason for this, enough of the active element could not fattening or selected yeast strains and nutrients may not be appropriate. In culture media prepared in this way, the measurement with ebülyometre alcohol percentage was 8.75%. The environment of the participating elements fattening to increase the amount of alcohol was seen to increase rates. Our country is obliged to be a fig in the sulfur, creating sulfur odors of the fermentation and ethanol production is to inhibit the negative effects, such as is to be disposed of. High percentage of sugar and figs also contain this sugar 73.97% of the URL of the glucose and fructose (invert sugar) to be, like as not require enzymatic hydrolysis, a high percentage of alcohol also leads to the formation. (Chalabi and Güngör, 1997)

line.gif

sekerpancari.jpg

Alcohol Production from Sugar Beet Pulp

Sugar factory which is now usually used as animal feed. The sugar beet factory, primarily due to a plant grown underground stone and soil cleaned, branches and leaves to be washed after leaving parts are chopped into strips. Beet strips treated with whether 80 ° C, boiling water, invert sugar is extracted is provided. Then the cake mix and sweetened juice as pressed leaves. In this way, the resulting pulp, is used as animal feed. To be at most 70% of total fattening sheep and goats to be at 45-50% of nutrition and nutrition is used. Contains 8% protein and 0.7% Ca. In fact, this is pretty much the amount of Ca, so can be regarded as a good source of Ca. But the structure of the high amount of oxalate, calcium and prevent the use of the bonds. We were very much in the form of matter after extraction of sugar cake contains 30% galaktronik acid. Vitamin C synthesis, which is a good basic starting material.

Especially in areas with more of the sugar production of sugar beet pulp, for use as alternative energy source in the production of ethyl alcohol that is designed for use as raw materials are considered and the maximum alcohol yield several studies are underway. Very high efficiency in generating ekstaksiyon sugar was obtained at the meal glucose, sucrose sugars, such as yeast, can use less producing the alcohol. Therefore, the structure of the hydrolysis of cellulosic materials with a pre-treatment could be the use of invert sugar and yeast must be obtained. Certain temperature and pressure application, acid hydrolysis, the use of Cellulase enzyme or 'wet oxidation' are some of the methods used. Consists of 27% cellulose pulp. Fragmentation in the structure of cellulosic material to light as a result of the product can be used by yeast and other microorganisms. This feature, especially as a source of carbon in fermentation technology has become more important cause.

Ethyl alcohol is present in many areas besides coal, alternative energy sources such as oil become increasingly important to have. And as a result of side-product of the resulting damage to the environment of the relatively low number, as well as other energy sources such as reserves decline reasons, ethanol in countries like the United States and Brazil as a source of energy have been used. Especially in Brazil, 30% of fuel ethanol derived from sugar cane is composed of.

Ergin et al. (2001) that study, the waste production of ethanol from sugar beet pulp is made. Cellulose containing materials, dried and ground sugar beet pulp using enzymes Cellulase first 8 hours were subjected to a hydrolysis process. After hydrolysis, generally used alcohol fermentasyonunda Saccharomyces nine-day fermentation was initiated cerevesiae be vaccinated. This experiment also carried out using medium and alcohol weight loss followed by formation was observed. As a result, 10% sugar beet pulp was prepared using 1% enzyme hydrolysis for 8 hours in a production environment as a result of alcohol 13.79 g/l00ml glucose were obtained. Fermentation results in the same environment without extra nutrients 5.92%, 6.3% alcohol by the addition of nutrient were obtained. (Ergin and Çetin, 2001)

line.gif

Ethyl alcohol usage areas

Ethyl alcohol is produced for three purposes; alcoholic drinks, as the main materials and chemical products as raw material. Ethyl alcohol in alcoholic beverages as a result of sugar fermentation occurs. Besides ethyl alcohol as solvent, in an important process, water is found in the second row. Ethyl alcohol, solvents, ekstrantlar, paints, pharmaceuticals, lubrikantlar, adhesive, detergents, Pesticides, plastisizerler, surface coating materials. cosmetics, explosives, synthetic fibers, such as carrying out other organic substances are used in the synthesis of resins are used as a substrate. Also aset aldehydes, ethyl acetate, acetic acid, ethylene di bromide, chloride, chemicals, such as ethylene glycol and ethyl alcohol creates a raw material again. 2. After World War II have been used in tire production.

Ethyl alcohol has become more important recently in the energy sector. Being used as an alternative energy source that can replace energy sources are being investigated. Oil, gas and coal as energy sources currently used to create limited and 2100 until the expected depletion of ethyl alcohol for use as an energy source is designed. In addition to these sources' Greenhouse Effect and usage of the reasons they are known to reduce as much as possible is required. Brazil since 1975 as a source of energy to use ethanol fuel in Brazil and in 1996, is now 30% of ethyl alcohol derived from sugar beet creates

Miracle teacher

2009-11-24T04:44:00.000-08:00

Miracle teacher

Elms Village Elementary School Wednesday in the town of Samsun in the teachers who served ilteris Bilginsoy orthopedic disabilities, barriers are obstacles to teach the eyes can not have exposed. Heyşeyi from the government wrong to expect that oduğunu ifede Bilginsoy, developed by students with special methods for the future hazırlıyor.Samsun 'un district Wednesday Elms Village Primary School for 3 years who served ilteris Bilginsoy orthopedic disabilities, developed a special method that gives students a successful education name is mentioned.

9 STUDENT YES
Because of his polio since the 3.5 years of continued life as ilteris Bilginsoy orthopedic disabilities, barriers to career success can not be prevented to justify continuing with only one teacher. Village Elementary School Wednesday in the district who served Bilginsoy Elms, thanks developed methods, has been teaching students. Books on the board via computer training started reflecting the ilteris Bilginsoy, four of the 4th grade, 5th grade students at five of the 9 students to study with this method veriyor.Öğrencilerine to provide better education Ministry of Education has received support from the reflector, photocopy machine and he obtained that indicates the browser Bilginsoy books from the reflective to the computer, mirror is transferred to the white board. With this method developed by the students saying that the more successful Bilginsoy, "Some of my students on board was difficult. For this purpose, to educate them with this method brought success," he said.

And I KNOW TROUBLES
10 years as a teacher stating that 31-year-old 2 children ilteris Bilginsoy, 3.5 years old polio spent. For this reason my legs do not hold. Binbir difficulty reading in here I came. My students to take the slightest trouble even guess I can. Transflective book through photocopies of the checks, the white board reflected. I do like this course and for myself and my students is easier. I'm trying to give my students the highest quality training. I love teaching and my students, "he said.

TARGET TO MAKE THE BEST of my
For the students by the hand, the best to make an effort that voiced the Bilginsoy, "the Ministry of Education I like all kinds of tools and materials sent were. But everything from the government not to wait is required. The important thing is me and my students performance is increased. Nobody," this teacher See the disabled can not say "get I, I do the best I am trying to "dedi.Body training courses is great difficulty, but also find solutions Bilginsoy stating," Students learn in physical education should move from the TV would save video. Transflective through video monitoring students, showing what to do with you "konuştu.Bilginsoy called, Samsun Red River Elementary School Disabled Orthopedic his own period, such as difficulty of orthopedic handicapped students can study from the car by selling the laptops to class took as an exemplary educator won everyone's admiration.
Samsun

2010 has some moral

2009-10-01T15:53:00.000-07:00

IMF pessimistic this year came from the government, for 2010 has some moral

October 2, 2009
IMF pessimistic this year came from the government, for 2010 has some moral

International Monetary Fund (IMF), IMF-World Bank annual meetings under the World Economic Outlook (World Economic Outlook) reports from Istanbul to the world yesterday announced to the public.

The negative effects of global crisis, the calculated country by country report on Turkey's this year was dominated by negative beklenkiler. Government growth target of 4 percent, the previous percentage of 3.6, then revised as a 6 percent decrease, while the IMF will shrink 6.5 percent this year örgörüsü in the direction of Turkey was. IMF's previous forecast was equal to 5.1 percent.

IMF Economic Counselor and Research Department Director, Olivier Blanchard, Multilateral Surveillance Department, President Krishna Srinivasan, World Economic Studies Department Head of Research Department Jörg Decressin and Foreign Affairs Office of the Department by William Murray is described in the report, 2010 estimates, the government is more optimistic than had been done. According to IMF data, 6.5 percent 'increase then decrease of Turkey, in 2010, 3.7 percent' to capture a growth increase. The government's 2010 growth of 3.5 percent as predicted. 2010 global production and sales as a percentage of 1.7 an increase of pending IMF expects global growth of 3.1 percent of the economy.

Turkey is rising fast

The report provides information about Decressin Jörg, Turkey, the emerging European countries compared with the other when they say, the results were evaluated as follows: "Turkey is very important, especially in the first quarter showed contraction. But in the second quarter was extremely strong for a rebound. Second and first quarter compared to your economy of 7 percent difference. Turkey, the European countries compared to other developing if you fall in activity in 2009, the European countries than other developing deep. But the more optimistic estimates for 2010. Turkey is rising fast as a periodical. "

Europe was affected most

Another result of the report reveals that the effects of the crisis will be most visible in Britain and Germany. Britain's national income in 2009 fell by 482 billion to $ 2 trillion 198 billion 163 million will decline. Germany's national income in the same year and decreased by 438 billion dollars, will fall to $ 3 trillion 235 billion 463 million. Also this year, France's national income of 232 billion dollar falls, the 2 trillion 634 billion 817 million dollars, Italy's national income and decreased by 224 billion dollars, will decline to $ 2 trillion 89 billion 555 million,

17 fell from 20 countries

IMF's "World Economic Outlook" report, compiled from the data according to the information, the global crisis, the negative effects of all world countries, while in 2009 the first 20 economies of 17 countries in the national income, per country between 16 and 482 billion dollars will decrease. The world's largest economy, the U.S. national income and decreased by 175 billion 224 million dollars, 14 trillion 266 billion 201 million dollars will decline. However, the U.S. national income in 2014 while living in defiance of the crisis, 2.9 trillion and 17 trillion 419 billion dollars will be increased.

17'nciliğimiz will not change

According to the IMF report, Turkey's 729 billion in 2008 to 983 million dollars of gross domestic product (GDP) in 2009 under the influence of the crisis 136 billion decreased $ 450 million, 533 million to $ 593 billion will fall, but where in the world ranking 17'incilikteki will not change. Turkey's national income in 2014 of 710 billion 833 million dollars with an upward trend is expected to reach this figure still does not capture the pre-crisis figure of national income.

Turkey 2 thousand dollars became poor

THIS year the per capita national income, ranking the first place with 94 thousand 417 dollars while still Luxembourg, so 76 thousand 692 dollars and 75 thousand 956 dollars and Norway is followed by Qatar. Qatar 66 thousand 126 dollars and then Switzerland, Denmark with 55 thousand 942 dollars, 51 thousand 128 dollars and Ireland will follow. Turkey's per capita income ranking in the year 2009 will take place only 5. Accordingly, in Turkey last year, 10 thousand 479 dollars per capita national income in 2009 will decline to 8 thousand 427 dollars. Turkey's per capita national income in 2014 will be 9 thousand 550 dollars.

Unemployment problem in 2010 will take

IMF Economic Counselor and Research Department Director Olivier Blanchard'ın financial markets and improvements in recovery started in the direction in spite of the good news World Economic Outlook report in the "advanced economies in 2010 the majority is too low to be a rapidly growing and unemployment until the end of 2010 continued to increase is expected to "was said. The report also financial shocks, then the unemployment rate increased significantly and the tendency to exhibit a high level for many years to stay at that location, while job losses for the salary increases may be slowing down be limited or even many of lowering the employee's salary may have been specified.

Scroll to the middle of the river have to cross

Economic Advisor and Director of the IMF Research Department brief explanations of research results Blanchard'ın Olivier question-answer session after the meeting continued. IMF officials at the meeting in response to questions the outstanding description follows: "Globalization is a need for complete restoration of balance that makes continuous improvement are documented. Today's, the most important difference from 2007, the river in the middle. To reach the opposite shore have to keep moving forward. Stability of the country is very important. Crisis has changed many things. We can see these changes in G in 20. Needs and increased stability. To ensure stability, we again passed a single general no prescription. We can not expect to immediately return to their former production levels. At the same time we can not expect the same growth rate immediately. This will be within a few years. Private demand and does not perform global splash with governments, large fiscal deficits will continue if they come to senior debt for some countries could be very apprehensive. In this case very difficult to predict what could happen.

Production million dollars demand President Information Private Markets Market product question financial market Unemployment Contraction news fair Turkey international monetary fund istanbul global crisis upward trend world economic outlook outlook report department director annual meetings world bank

foreign affairs office international monetary fund imf olivier blanchard growth target imf data world economic outlook international monetary fund economic counselor imf world multilateral surveillance surveillance department department president outlook reports government growth william murray percent difference global crisis global production department director economic studies

PRESS CONFERENCE
OF
MICHAEL MUSSA
ECONOMIC COUNSELLOR AND DIRECTOR
RESEARCH DEPARTMENT
ON
THE WORLD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK
September 30, 1998, 9:00 a.m.
International Monetary Fund
Washington DC

MR. ANJARIA: Good morning. Welcome to the press conference of the Economic Counselor and Director of Research of the International Monetary Fund, Mr. Michael Mussa, on the world economic outlook. You have received the publication, and I should like to say that the publication and the contents of this briefing are under embargo until 11 a.m. this morning.

Graham Hacche, Flemming Larsen and Michael Mussa
I would like to introduce, to the right of Mr. Mussa, Mr. Flemming Larsen, the Deputy Director of the Research Department, and to his right Mr. Graham Hacche, Assistant Director of the Research Department. After Mr. Mussa's initial remarks, we will open to questions.

MR. MUSSA: The world economic situation and prospects have weakened significantly since our last assessment in May. World GDP growth for this year is now expected to reach only 2 percent, versus 3.1 percent forecast last May. The main reason for this is the downturn in Asia, including Japan, which has turned out to be significantly deeper and more widespread than was anticipated by the Fund staff or by most other analysts just five months ago.

Next year, the downward revision of projected world growth is even larger, from 3.7 percent in May to 2.5 percent now. The balance of risk around even this revised forecast remains significantly to the downside, especially if present acute pressures on financing flows to virtually all emerging market economies persist for an extended period.

Comparing forecast growth for 1999 with the likely outcome for 1998, on the positive side, a number of Asian economies that are suffering substantial output declines this year should be able to stabilize or perhaps stage modest recoveries next year. In Korea and Thailand, a significant easing of monetary policy, made possible by the restoration of reasonable exchange rate stability, will aid recovery, along with dramatic improvements in external positions. Expanding fiscal deficits, reflecting weak activity and the widening of social safety nets, will help to support consumption in all of the key crisis economies. One of the essays in Chapter 2 of the WEO examines the prospects for recovery in these Asian economies in the near and medium term. In China, far and away the largest emerging market economy in East Asia, growth next year will be supported by a substantial easing of monetary policy in recent months and by large public works spending. Nevertheless, growth is expected to remain relatively subdued in comparison with earlier in this decade. Several other Asian emerging market economies, including Singapore and Taiwan Province of China, are also appropriately supporting growth with easier monetary and fiscal policies.

In Japan, it should be possible to avoid a repeat of the sharp output decline of 1998, the steepest of the postwar period, and achieve at least slightly positive growth for 1999, with support from a highly accommodative monetary policy, a sharply expansive fiscal policy, and a determined and credible program to address weaknesses in the banking sector.

On the other hand, growth in the United States and Canada next year is likely to be below the pace of 1998, which for the United States was clearly unsustainable. To guard against the risk that the slowdown might go too far, the Federal Reserve yesterday appropriately signaled its intention to ease monetary conditions as may be needed to confront domestic and external risks. Financial markets clearly anticipate further steps of easing in coming months. Canada should be able to do the same, with due regard to concerns about unwarranted depreciation of the exchange rate of the Canadian dollar.

The United Kingdom might well move to easier monetary conditions if the economy weakens further amid signs of waning inflationary pressures.

For continental Europe, growth still seems likely to be reasonably well sustained next year, with increasing support from domestic demand but rising worries about the external sector due to spreading problems in emerging markets, including Russia, mounting losses for European banks, and appreciating exchange rates for the euro area currencies against other industrial economies. Downward convergence of short-term interest rates in the euro area toward rates in the core countries should provide some additional monetary support for what is already a moderately accommodative policy stance. Explicit reductions in official interest rates below present core rates may well become appropriate if external or internal demand growth appears likely to weaken to an extent that threatens the recent pattern of modest reductions in unemployment in the largest European economies.

For the emerging markets beyond East Asia, growth next year now in general looks likely to fall well below 1998. The economic and financial crisis in Russia is part of this, but the main story is the recent sharp increase in pressures on virtually all emerging market economies from world financial markets. Even assuming that the present interest rate spreads for emerging market debt subside to less extreme levels, financing flows are likely to remain expensive and limited, putting upward pressure on domestic interest rates in emerging market economies and necessitating downward adjustments in trade deficits.

Latin America, in particular, will be affected, and the WEO forecasts for this region for both this year and next have already been written down significantly since May. The broader issue of global financial flows to emerging markets and the risks from a substantial and prolonged interruption of such flows is examined in another essay of Chapter 2 of the WEO.

Finally, before asking Mr. Larsen to provide some brief comments on Part II, that is Chapters 3, 4 and 5, of the present WEO, I would like to correct an impression about the Fund staff's policy recommendations in this period of global economic difficulty. Because a great deal of attention has been given to criticisms of Fund policy recommendations in some specific cases, the impression seems to have developed that the Fund staff has nothing to recommend but tighter monetary and fiscal policies--the tighter the better, everywhere and always. This, quite simply, is nonsense.

From the summary of policy recommendations in the present WEO that I have just given, the Fund staff is recommending that monetary policies be eased or that accommodative monetary policies be retained in countries accounting for 90 percent of world GDP. While we do believe that the United States budget surplus should not be squandered and that most continental European countries should pursue further consolidation at a gradual pace, we would certainly recommend that the automatic fiscal stabilizers be allowed to operate fully in these countries in the face of slower growth.

Explicit discretionary easing of fiscal policy is supported for a number of countries, notably Japan and several East Asian emerging market economies. Tighter policies are, indeed, recommended for a few countries, accounting for perhaps 10 percent of world GDP. These are countries that are under considerable pressure in terms of their external financing and sometimes also facing confidence or credibility problems at home. For these countries, unfortunately, there is no easy way out of present difficulties through the pursuit of easy monetary and fiscal policies. This is a situation that needs to be faced, not wished away.

MR. LARSEN: I will just give a very brief overview of the contents of the three analytic chapters in Part II of the WEO. I do want to emphasize that this time the World Economic Outlook comes in two parts. The two parts look alike, so do make sure that you pick up a copy of both Part I and Part II.

Chapter 3 explores what the Asian crisis might portend for the region's long-term growth prospects. The analysis attempts to answer the question of whether the crisis countries essentially are facing a very serious cyclical episode so that once the excesses that had built up prior to the crisis have been worked out, the region should tend to revert to its very impressive long-term growth trend. Further work will obviously be required to fully shed light on this important question, but the evidence discussed in the chapter does seem to justify the conclusion that the trends in the crisis countries were not sustainable before the crisis and that the region unquestionably was heading for a significant slowdown, even in the absence of a crisis. This conclusion is based on the growing capital intensity of output observed in the region in recent years, the tendency for the efficiency of new investments to decline, substantial evidence of strains in the financial system due to a growing burden of nonperforming assets, and signs of overcapacity and losses in the industrial sector and considerable overbuilding and asset price inflation.

How did this come about? The discussion in the chapter focuses in particular on the apparent inability of institutions and economic policies in these countries to continue to effectively intermediate the very large and growing volume of saving being generated in these economies, all the more since the high domestic saving rates were being complemented by large and growing inflows of foreign capital. The bottom line of the analysis is that the Asian countries undoubtedly can return to growth trends that are impressive by international standards, albeit perhaps not quite as steep as in the past. For this to be possible, they will need to put in place fundamental reforms that foster stronger productivity growth and reduce the speed of capital accumulation to a more sustainable rate.

Chapter 4 reviews the origins of Japan's economic problems, which are very much related to the asset price boom and bust of the late 1980s. It discusses the role of economic policies in the repeated attempts to stimulate the economy and also the scope that exists today for monetary and fiscal measures to help initiate economic recovery. This chapter particularly looks at the problems in the financial sector and discusses some of the latest proposals for cleaning up the banking system, a sine qua non for achieving a strong and durable recovery.

Chapter 5, finally, discusses the policy issues facing the euro area. This is, in fact, the only chapter that does not have the word "crisis" in its title. But it does contain the word "challenges." Clearly, the adoption of a single common currency will bring many benefits and has the potential to help to improve Europe's growth performance and reduce unemployment. But to realize this potential, other policies need to adapt to the new environment. Although a single monetary policy may help to reduce cyclical divergences among the participating countries, it is by no means certain that that will happen. This implies that there may well be periods when the level of interest rates determined centrally by the European Central Bank may not completely suit an individual member country. Sometimes the level of interest rates may be too easy and sometimes it may feel a bit too tight. This underscores the need for fiscal policy to play a much more countercyclical role in the future, in contrast to the procyclical role of fiscal policy often observed in the past among the members of the future euro area. In order to do that, of course, you need to create a certain room for fiscal policy to operate in that way over the cycle, which underscores the importance of meeting the objectives of the Stability and Growth Pact. Structural reforms are also needed to allow countries to draw the full benefits from the euro. Of course, labor market reforms would also be necessary without the euro, but we think the consequences of not reforming may be more serious in some circumstances under the single monetary policy and the single currency.

QUESTION: Comparing last year with next, the WEO shows the U.S. current account deficit almost doubling, to $290 billion, while the euro area surplus barely budges, at around $110 billion. Is it a problem that so much of the current account adjustment to the Asian crisis is falling on the U.S.?

MR. MUSSA: I think at the present time that development is more of a solution than it is a problem. But looking beyond next year it will probably be more of a problem than a solution. The U.S. economy has been growing particularly rapidly over the past couple of years, especially in terms of domestic demand growth, and so the widening U.S. current account surplus from the U.S. perspective up to this stage has really not been a problem. It has helped to relieve some of the inflationary pressures, as has the very strong foreign exchange value of the U.S. dollar.

Looking forward, our forecast for U.S. growth is that it will be about in line with potential, perhaps a little below potential, helping to relieve some pressures in labor markets. If it were to fall substantially below potential, of course, unemployment would begin to rise in a manner that would be undesirable. But even if that plays out as we expect, I think there is considerable reason to doubt that a U.S. current account deficit in excess of 3 percent of GDP is sustainable in the medium term and that the rest of the world economy will on a sustained basis want to ship capital to the U.S. to finance such a deficit. That suggests that, over the course of time, the dollar will need to correct downward, on average, against the currencies of other trading partners, perhaps implying some upward pressure on inflation rates in the United States.

Associated with that correction of the U.S. current account position, domestic demand in the U.S. will need to grow less rapidly than GDP. That is a fact of national income accounting. If world output growth is to be sustained at a reasonable level, domestic demand growth in the rest of the world will need to grow more rapidly than GDP. That brings us to the European Union, and particularly the euro area, which in the past three years has been benefitting in terms of its output growth exceeding demand growth by roughly half a percentage point of GDP per year. That situation over the next couple of years will need to turn around, and output growth in the euro area in particular is going to need to be sustained much more by internal demand growth, with the external sector making a negative contribution to overall growth in the euro economy area. That necessitates, on the other side, that domestic demand growth in the euro area needs to strengthen significantly in comparison with the experience of the past three years.

QUESTION: Mr. Mussa, two questions: one on Japan and one on your overall world prediction.

On Japan, Mr. Miyazawa announced yesterday and again stated today in Tokyo that Japan is planning to come to these Annual Meetings with a proposal for a large, possibly $30 billion, aid program for the region to help the recovery there, to stimulate growth. Yesterday, the World Bank speculated that a $10 billion stimulus would create 1 percent GDP growth in the ASEAN-4 and some of the more troubled nations in East Asia. Since it is now a matter of public record that Japan is planning to push ahead with a multibillion dollar aid package for the region, my question to you is: would you welcome that? In your view, as an IMF economist, would that be a good thing for the region; is that a positive step? That is the first question.

MR. MUSSA: In general, as I mentioned in my opening remarks, the present environment in terms of financial flows to emerging market economies is really very tight. The Asian emerging market economies are somewhat better situated at the present moment because they have made a very dramatic and costly economic adjustment, but one which has moved their current accounts, in many cases, into substantial surplus. So they are less dependent on financing flows because their current accounts are registering large surpluses. Nevertheless, they will feel the effects of the tightening of general credit availability to emerging market economies.

We also have the situation where banks in Japan, because of difficulties in Japan and elsewhere, are pulling back on the availability of credit, not only in the domestic economy but also internationally. In that type of environment, it is important to get something going that will help to sustain financial flows to emerging market economies in Asia and elsewhere. So I think one should view the Japanese government effort in this regard in a quite positive light.

QUESTION: The second question is simply about your overall global projections. The WEO this year contains more caveats and conditional sentences and warnings than ever before. It seems to go beyond the normal caution of an economist. There are three sentences in particular that strike one: first, that considerable uncertainty remains about the near-term outlook; second, the sentence that the risks to these projections are predominantly on the downside; third, indeed, that a significantly worse outcome is clearly possible, potential for a broader and deeper economic downturn, et cetera. In that context, what is the possibility and to what extent is it reasonable to assume that your projection of 2 ½ percent world growth for 1999 may well have to be revised rather shortly? What are you signaling there? Are you signaling that it is indeed possible that this projection made in September 1998 will not hold?

MR. MUSSA: Absolutely.

QUESTION: I think you said, Mr. Mussa, in the opening remarks that Japan will enjoy slightly positive growth in 1999. I wonder if you could expand on that and on whether you believe that the fiscal measures currently in the process of being implemented will be sufficient to achieve a sustained recovery in Japan.

Second of all, what would be your prescribed solution for the banking sector recapitalization? There are many ideas being discussed in Japan right now: bailing out weak banks, nationalizing weak banks, nationalizing all of them, and getting rid of the weak ones and selling off the strong ones. What would be your preferred solution, and to what extent do you think public funds should be used in the resolution of that crisis?

MR. MUSSA: On the forecast, first, and the role of fiscal policy, the present Fund forecast, which is for positive one-half percent growth of GDP year over year in 1999, assumes essentially that the Japanese government will retain the present level of fiscal stimulus being provided during 1998, which as you know is a substantial amount of stimulus relative to where we were in 1997.

We have seen in Japan this year an extraordinary decline, not only in investment spending--which might well be expected in a situation of a weak economy, with problems in the banking system--but also a sharp decline in consumption spending. Our presumption is that that decline in consumption spending is not going to continue. The consumption spending will at least level out and perhaps show some modest recovery. That, together with a significant boost from public investment spending, will produce an economy that is roughly flat to slightly positive year over year.

The Japanese government has been talking about greater fiscal stimulus, and we certainly think that thinking in that direction is the right direction in which to be thinking at this stage. There is no threat that the Japanese economy will overheat next year. While the fiscal deficit is large and measures of gross debt of the Japanese government are also quite large, figures for the net debt are small, and long-term borrowing costs for the Japanese government are now below 1 percent. So, even quite large fiscal deficits and high levels of debt are actually not that expensive to finance at this stage and under these circumstances. So, fiscal stimulus is called for in this type of situation, and we would certainly not be restraining them on that side in these circumstances.

Will it provide the basis for sustained recovery? No. Sustained recovery in Japan, as elsewhere, requires that the private sector get moving in terms of demand. That means there needs to be a recovery of confidence in the household sector and in the business sector, and the key in both of those regards is an effort to forcefully and credibly and rapidly address the problems in the banking sector, which was your second question.

What needs to be done? I do not think there is a unique prescription that says, "This, and this in particular, needs to be done, and nothing else." But I think some things are clear that need to be part of the package. First, public funds do need to be injected into the banking system. The government guarantees, quite properly, deposits in Japan. It needs to stand behind those guarantees of deposits. More generally, while the Japanese banking system needs to consolidate from its levels of activity in the 1980s and early in this decade, Japan needs a strong and vibrant banking system as an essential element of its finance and payment system. It is not relevant, therefore, to think about closing most or all of the banks that are in deep difficulty. Even some insolvent banks that are insolvent under present economic conditions are worth keeping alive because of their long-term viability and capacity to contribute to the health and growth of the Japanese economy.

So a proper way of approaching this type of situation in the case of banks that are very poorly capitalized, is, one, to recognize the extent of their problems by providing much more credible estimates of what their problem loan situation really is and then injecting sufficient capital into them, with an appropriate haircut to present shareholders and perhaps some other creditors to put those institutions in a position where they can act in their own interest as reasonably well-capitalized banks to fulfil their role as credit intermediaries in the Japanese economy. For some banks that are insolvent or very close to insolvent, it may make sense for the government to "intervene" them and take them over, at least temporarily, and operate them under government auspices or some would say to nationalize them. Some banks may well be suitable for closure. The Japanese economy, probably, on a long-term basis, is somewhat overbanked, and the resources in terms of personnel and so forth that are deployed in that sector are somewhat larger than are required in the longer term, so there needs to be a rationalization of the banking system in Japan.

All of that does not need to be done overnight, but the difficulty is that many of these problems have been dragging along for nearly six years, not in the intense state in which they presently exist, in a very weak Japanese economy, but they have been simmering back there without being forcefully and credibly addressed. What needs to happen now is there need to be some dramatic and forceful steps to indicate that that process is now going to move ahead reasonably quickly to a constructive resolution of the problem.

QUESTION: I had two questions. One, in view of all the qualifiers and references to downside risks in your forecast, does that mean that we cannot rule out a global recession next year? Secondly, I am wondering if it is possible for you to quantify the cost of the global financial crisis in terms of jobs.

MR. MUSSA: That second question is too difficult for me, so maybe I will ask Flemming or Graham to provide an estimate.

Do the downside risks include the possibility of a global recession? We need to be careful about what our definition is here. There is no year in the last 30 years in which world GDP year-over-year growth has been negative. At the beginning of this decade, in 1991, world GDP growth was just under 1 percent. In 1982, world GDP growth was barely half a percent, and 1983 was also a very weak year. Certainly, the early 1980s we would characterize as a global recession, and some would characterize the beginning of this decade also as a global recession.

So if we say that world GDP growth of 1 percent or less would be the standard for a world recession, our present forecast for this year, certainly, does not see a global recession, and our forecast for next year, even allowing for significant downside risks around that forecast, would not quite reach the threshold of global recession. But, clearly, we have been approaching that state. That has happened in a situation in which this year North America and western Europe have continued to grow quite strongly. They have not experienced recession of any kind. But Asia, particularly the most intensely affected Asian economies, certainly has been experiencing very deep recessions. In some cases, one would even speak of depressions.

For next year, we look at the situation as being in some sense a little bit more balanced--that is, we think growth will slow down in North America somewhat, and while Asia will by no means experience a boom year or a year of vigorous recovery, we do not think it will experience another year of steep recession. We could get, however, a worse outcome than we are projecting if we saw continuation of negative growth in Asia, a sharper fall-off than we are forecasting in Latin America and other emerging markets, and, probably associated with that, a more substantial slowdown in North America and western Europe. That really is the scenario which would sort of push the world economy toward 1 percent growth or lower next year. That is not our forecast, and that is still a forecast that I would characterize as below the sort of mean; that is to say, the probability that we would see 1 percent growth or less at this stage is an outlier in the probability distribution of probable outcomes. It is not, however, an extreme outlier. It is a risk with which policy makers around the world need to be concerned.

MR. LARSEN: I cannot give you a measure of the cost in terms of employment. I will try to give you a different sort of measure of the cost of the crisis. If we consider that the crisis is essentially responsible for the slowdown in world growth to an estimated 2 percent in 1998 compared to a trend growth rate of somewhere between 3 3/4 and 4 percent in the world economy we have observed during the past quarter century, this shortfall of 1 3/4 to 2 percent of world GDP in a world economy that produces goods and services at a value of $30 trillion per year--as much as $40 trillion on a purchasing power basis--obviously represents a huge loss of output and, therefore, also of income of between $600 and $800 billion. This represents a huge number of jobs. How much is, actually, 1.7 or 2 percent of world GDP? It corresponds, essentially, to an economy of the size of Canada taking a year off and not producing anything in a full year. That is the magnitude of the output and income loss resulting from the crisis.

QUESTION: I have two questions relating to Latin America. First, in your forecast you said there is a kind of lower level of economic growth in Latin America for next year. My question on that is: how helpful can be the solution to the crisis in Brazil in terms of the IMF giving a financial package, I assume, next week?

My second question is on Mexico. There was a report in the Wall Street Journal saying that the Mexican government is discussing with the IMF a monetary policy, the same policy that is in place in Argentina. In other words, pegged to the dollar. Can you comment on that and also tell me what kind of advice you can give to the Mexican government in terms of monetary policy.

MR. MUSSA: In terms of the situation in Brazil, I think the reading here in the Fund is very similar to that of the Brazilian authorities. The Brazilian authorities recognize that the fiscal deficit is too large, even allowing for the fact that the fiscal deficit is a broader measure than most countries report and that it is being distorted now because of the high interest payments that the Brazilian government needs to make on its debt. Nevertheless, there is a medium-term need to reduce the fiscal deficit significantly and to start the debt-to-GDP ratio--which at 40 percent of GDP is not exceptionally large--on a downward rather than upward course. The original plan had been to move gradually to that situation over a two- to three-year time horizon. However, the deterioration in the external environment for emerging market finance, the upward spike in interest rate spreads, and apparently also concerns domestically about the government's fiscal program and the level of interest rates have increased the urgency of fiscal action to restrain the deficit. The Brazilian government has been taking such action for the current fiscal year, and President Cardoso has announced his intention to delineate a program that would carry forward that action on a vigorous basis to FY 1999. I think it is unfortunate that there is not a longer time horizon under which to undertake those adjustments, but the financing environment simply does not permit that, so vigorous action is called for.

The effect of such action should be to help to restore confidence inside Brazil and as far as Brazil's external credit is concerned, which would help to reduce interest rates both on Brazil's external and internal debt. However, in the present adverse financial environment for virtually all emerging markets, relying exclusively on fiscal policy measures may not be enough to support the necessary restoration of confidence. In that kind of environment, the provision of a substantial package of external financial support could be helpful in supporting the efforts of the Brazilian authorities. The effort will not work without the strong and determined efforts of the Brazilian government, to which President Cardoso has forcefully committed himself. The details, however, are yet to be fully elaborated. The Managing Director has indicated that the Fund and the international community more generally stand ready to support efforts in Latin America as may be needed to avoid a further spread of the contagion from the emerging market financial crisis.

With respect to Mexico's monetary policy, I myself am not aware of any urgent discussions to consider the introduction of a currency board arrangement or type of arrangement in Mexico. It would strike me, as an economist, that, while such an arrangement could, I think, have some important benefits, the present environment might not be the ideal one for considering its immediate implementation. The Mexican peso, it is true, has depreciated significantly against the U.S. dollar since the beginning of the year. That probably has helped to provide Mexico with some breathing space in terms of its adjustment to external financing pressures, to an extent that further depreciation of the peso at this stage would not, should we say, clearly be warranted. Nevertheless, moving to a firmly pegged exchange rate in an environment of international financial tension imposes additional burdens on the conduct of economic policy which may not be particularly wise to undertake at this time.

QUESTION: In recent years, the U.K. economy has to a degree been running parallel with the U.S. economy, and suddenly you are suggesting that it has diverged sharply and the U.K. economy is turning down much more dramatically than the U.S., despite the fact they are both suffering from rising imbalances in net trade. I was wondering what is it specifically about the U.K. that is causing this, and, secondly, whether you think the Bank of England should cut interest rates, not just that it might?

MR. HACCHE: There has already been a significant slowing of the U.K. economy since early last year, first owing to a slowing down in the growth of net exports, and since early this year a slowing of domestic demand. The slowing of domestic demand is reflecting a tightening of both fiscal and monetary policies and a tightening of monetary conditions more generally, reflecting the appreciation of sterling since 1996. Looking ahead, we expect these factors to continue to exert a slowing influence on growth to a greater extent than in the United States, largely reflecting the greater tightening of monetary policy, which has been needed to restrain inflation, to keep it within the target. With the slowing of growth that is now projected and with the apparent moderation in the growth of average earnings since the summer, we now see some possibility emerging, as Governor George has indicated, of possibly an easing of monetary policy if the prospect emerges of inflation falling below the 2 ½ percent target.

QUESTION: I have a question on the EMU and the ECB. What is the correct policy mix in the EMU? In your analysis, you are going to the monetary policy and fiscal policy. There is also a foreign exchange policy with some new ideas coming from the next German government. They are mentioning target zones between euro and dollar. Also, these ideas are well known in Paris. What is your opinion about the future role of the euro in the foreign exchange market and the ideas of targeting with dollar and yen. Is it realistic?

MR. MUSSA: Let me ask Mr. Larsen to comment on the question about the policy mix, and then I might say a word or two about the target zone issue.

MR. LARSEN: The policy mix at present is a mix that is characterized by a relatively accommodating monetary policy, a slightly expansionary monetary policy in the core countries, and a fiscal policy which unfortunately has turned slightly expansionary in 1998, following the tremendous efforts made by the members of the future euro area to reduce budget deficits and bring them in line with the Maastricht criteria in recent years. There do seem to have been some slippages. There may be some adjustment fatigue. It is not a huge deterioration, but it is probably going a bit too far in the wrong direction.

Looking ahead, we hope that fiscal policy will get back on track toward reducing structural deficits further, but, at the same time, if there were to be a sharper slowdown in activity in Europe stemming from the deteriorating external environment than we project at present, there would be scope for letting the automatic stabilizers operate. We think that, if there were a sharper slowdown in activity than expected at present, a primary policy response ought to be a further easing of monetary conditions. Monetary conditions will, of course, tend to ease somewhat if the convergence of interest rates in the euro area does take place toward the lower end of the present range of interest rates, which we understand seems to be the intention. There is, certainly, the flexibility for further reductions in interest rates in Europe, should this be warranted by the external environment and the impact of the external environment on growth in Europe.

MR. MUSSA: On the exchange rate issue, certainly our judgment has been that there have been occasions over the past two to three decades when exchange rates among the major currencies have moved to an extent and with a speed that has been decidedly unhelpful from the standpoint of the general stability of the world economy. In such circumstances, it is desirable to resist these types of exchange rate developments. We had an episode of that in early 1995 when the dollar depreciated unreasonably against both the Japanese yen and key European currencies. Some constructive actions were taken to resist those developments and, indeed, a significant correction of the yen was achieved.

There are, however, other circumstances in which the movement of major currency exchange rates, even though quite significant, may be helpful from a broader macroeconomic perspective. So, while at present the U.S. dollar is at a level that would seem not consistent with a desirable medium-term position of the U.S. current account balance--that is to say, the deficit implied by the current level of the U.S. dollar is too large for the medium term--in the present cyclical situation, it has generally been helpful to the world economy, the United States and Japan and western Europe, to have had a dollar that is comparatively strong relative to medium-term fundamentals at this time. There will come a time, sometime in the future, undoubtedly, in which having a dollar which is relatively weak in comparison with its medium-term fundamentals will be appropriate from a cyclical perspective.

A system of target zones that is rigid and narrow does not allow this type of flexibility and differentiation of movement. At least, I believe it is difficult to get it into an agreement on target zones. In addition, a system of relatively narrow and firm target zones is not viable unless monetary policy is committed in a serious and significant way to defend those target zones. At least up to this point, on neither side of the Atlantic has there been a general perception that devoting monetary policy in a much more serious and significant way to the pursuit of exchange rate objectives rather than the other more traditional objectives of monetary policy is a desirable way to go. You would need to make that decision, at least in my judgment, in order to have any chance of instituting a viable system of reasonably firm and comparatively narrow target zones for major currency exchange rates.

QUESTION: In the World Economic Outlook, you say that Argentina has a large current account deficit, which is still a matter of concern, and then you point out that Argentina has a too-large trade exposure to Brazil. Finally, you are predicting an increase in the unemployment rate. I thought we were a real model for emerging markets, so I wonder why you are writing these sentences.

MR. MUSSA: Well, hopefully, because we believe that they accurately describe the situations and policy concerns. Argentina's trade and current account deficits have been growing rapidly over the past couple of years, as the Argentine economy has recovered from the tequila crisis. It is true that an important part of the deficit does reflect capital imports to support investment. Nevertheless, especially in an environment where world financial markets are looking with intense concern at virtually all emerging markets, a large--certainly, a large and growing--current account deficit has to be viewed as an important source of vulnerability. The situation in that regard for Latin America has changed today from what it was six months ago. Six months ago, while capital flows to Asia had fallen very dramatically, capital flows to Latin America remained very well sustained. But the financing environment for Latin America, looking forward, is simply not as generous as it was and was assessed to be likely to continue to be a few months ago.

I would not say that Argentina has too large a trade exposure to Brazil. Argentina has large trade flows with Brazil. This is, by and large, desirable. MERCOSUR trade liberalization by both Brazil and Argentina has been a considerable success. The point is that, with large trade flows between Brazil and Argentina, if an accident happens in Brazil, that is going to have a larger effect on Argentina than would have been the case a decade ago, when trade flows between those two countries, undesirably as a general matter, were much smaller than they are today.

With regard to the unemployment rate going up a little bit, this is not what we wish to see happen. It is a consequence largely of an adverse change in external circumstance which now makes it necessary for the Argentine authorities to pursue a somewhat tighter fiscal policy than was otherwise being planned and because of an adverse change in the external financing environment which, given Argentina's monetary arrangements--indeed, regardless of the nature of Argentina's monetary arrangements--will tighten domestic monetary and credit conditions in Argentina, simply because the external financing environment has become much less hospitable and there is no way to shelter the domestic economy from that effect. Those things will slow the growth rate of the Argentine economy. With a slower growth rate, unemployment is going to edge up a little bit. That is what is in the forecast. It is not something we would desire to see happen, but it is the forecast of what we think is most likely to happen.

QUESTION: In your opening statement, you said that financial markets expect a further easing of U.S. interest rates in coming months. Can you give us some idea of the extent of easing that you personally foresee in coming months.

MR. MUSSA: First, in terms of the financial markets, before the Fed action, I think they were anticipating about 75 basis points of easing, as measured by the futures rate on federal funds between last Friday, let us say, and some time in the early part of next year. I have not looked at the futures quotations today. My guess is that they must remain about the same, so financial markets are broadly anticipating another 50 basis points of movement.

In terms of what I see, I think it is desirable that the Federal Reserve meet as it does, roughly every six weeks or so, evaluate what conditions are at that time and what prospects are looking forward, and make a decision about whether to ease short-term interest rates, leave them alone or in some circumstances tighten them. I doubt that we will be looking at a situation where it will be prudent and plausible for the Federal Reserve to tighten interest rates over the next six months or so, but later next year one can never be certain. We think things are going to slow down a fair bit in the U.S. economy, but they look pretty solid for the third quarter, and there is no indication yet that in the fourth quarter growth will be below potential to any significant extent.

So I think the Federal Reserve is right in its general policy stance to recognize that the world economic environment has changed, probably it has changed for something more than a month or two, and that is going to have an impact on the U.S. economy and, hence, implications for U.S. monetary policy, which it is well to recognize and signal in an initial 25 basis point cut in interest rates.

Conceivably, one could have moved 50 basis points yesterday. I certainly would not have been adverse myself to such a movement. On the other hand, I would have tightened interest rates in the United States another 25 or 50 basis points during the first half of 1997. My personal preference is for a little bit more aggressive movement in monetary policy, and I would have been more aggressive tightening a year and a half ago, and I would be more aggressive easing now. Maybe it is just that I am more aggressive than they are. But I think they have sent the right signal about the direction of movement.

There has been plenty of demonstration over the course of the last dozen years or so that the Federal Reserve is prepared to move pretty swiftly and by substantial amounts when they see the information coming on screen that warrants such movement, and the nature of their actions has clearly not been to simply wait for the economic data that describes the past behavior of the economy to be forthcoming before they act; that is, they recognize that monetary policy needs to be forward looking if it is to play its role effectively. We certainly saw that in their decision yesterday, and no indication in the backward-looking data at all that would have suggested an easing of monetary policy at this stage, given the performance of the U.S. economy, based clearly on the perceptions of what the Federal Reserve sees going forward, which is a less buoyant picture of the U.S. economy than people were perceiving 6 or 12 weeks ago.

QUESTION: Let me turn to the greater Chinese area for a second. The IMF forecast for China this year is a GDP growth rate of 5.5 percent, which is significantly lower than the official target of 8 percent. The CPI forecast for China is zero percent. A zero percent CPI growth rate for China has never been seen before. Can you explain that a little bit? Also, can you touch on Hong Kong's and Taiwan's economic forecasts.

MR. LARSEN: The greater Chinese area, as you called it, is of course very closely integrated with the rest of Asia, including with the countries that are now in crisis and, in most cases, in quite deep recession. That means that some of the tremendous expansion there has been in intra Asian trade in recent years is going to suffer quite a setback, and China is feeling this compression in intra asian trade just like all other countries in Asia and, for that matter, in the rest of the world are. But, because of the substantial trade links, China will, of course, not be able to escape these consequences to some extent.

There are also other reasons why we think that the Chinese economy is slowing--and we believe we can observe that it is slowing--including problems in its own construction industry. There have been signs of overbuilding that will need to be worked off. There have also been indications of very large accumulation of unsold inventories in many Chinese industries, which obviously cannot go on forever.

On the positive side, the Chinese authorities have appropriately resorted to significant fiscal stimulus, given the difficult external environment. This will help cushion the slowdown, but probably cannot avoid a slowdown of the order of magnitude that we are projecting.

Hong Kong, SAR has been hit very severely by the crisis in Asia, being even more closely integrated with the crisis countries than mainland China, and we are seeing the consequences of the contraction in trade. Hong Kong also had difficulties in its own economy, with problems of overheating, a very hot property market, some overcapacity that is now being worked off, and adjustment of asset prices. So the Hong Kong economy is probably going to contract this year as a result of the repercussions of the crisis and some of its own problems at home. Hong Kong, SAR, has also been able to resort to some fiscal measures to stimulate activity, which would help to cushion the contraction.

Taiwan Province of China, of course, is also being affected, but again it has some leeway to stimulate its economy, to stimulate domestic demand. And it has done so, which is helping limit the contraction.

QUESTION: I have two questions, if I may. The first is that there has been much talk of a need to restore market and investor confidence in the crisis economies in emerging markets. Can you point to anything in this report that would be inclined to restore such confidence?

Secondly, on Russia. There is a long history of the crisis in Russia in this report, but, as far as what happens in the future, there is a kind of wish-list of various things that need to be done, in fairly shorthand form. Would it be fair to say that the IMF has thrown up its hands in despair at Russia's political problems and there really is nothing else that can be done? If so, what implications does that have for the prospects for restoring confidence?

MR. MUSSA: I think in the WEO there is a good deal in terms of the policy prescription to help restore investor confidence. I tried to cover some of that in my opening remarks. I think we do need to move to easier monetary policies, generally, around the world, and that is what we are recommending for 90 percent of the world economy.

In countries that are under particularly intense pressure and that have substantial fiscal deficits, there a tightening of fiscal policy, even though it has a short-term adverse effect on growth, is certainly a key measure to restore confidence. To some extent, also, financial markets need to right themselves. In the aftermath of the Russian default and in the scramble of hedge funds and other speculative investors to meet margin calls and other problems, there has been a spike upward in interest rates, which should be able to resolve itself gradually over time if that situation is not allowed to get out of hand. The Federal Reserve was, of course, active in securing a more orderly unwinding in the case of Long-Term Capital Management, and that may not be the last such episode.

With respect to Russia and whether we are in a state of despair, I have known the Managing Director, now, reasonably well for seven years, and I have never been able to describe his mood as one of despair. So I do not think we are in a mood of despair about Russia. But there is no question that, in order to re-establish reasonable economic stability in Russia, firm actions need to be taken by the Russian government. This is not something that international support can resolve. They need a credible fiscal policy, they need a disciplined monetary policy, and they need to get moving again in a positive direction with their structural reform efforts. It may be wishful to think that the present political environment is going to produce that, but I think the reality of the economic situation in Russia is at some point, and probably some point before very much longer, going to compel more constructive action to deal with the crisis there.

QUESTION: If we remember presentations of this kind a few years ago, maybe two years ago, of the IMF about the World Economic Outlook and compare them with the situation today, would you say, Mr. Mussa, that in this time period the IMF has made any mistakes, significant mistakes, and if so what ones?

MR. MUSSA: I am not going to describe all of the mistakes that we potentially have made, because that would take us several hours, I fear. I like to keep my own personal list of mistakes that I think I have made. I do recall recommending in March of 1995 that the Federal Reserve should tighten U.S. monetary policy as part of a coordinated effort to resist undue depreciation of the dollar. It turned out that that was precisely the moment at which the U.S. economy was slowing down very dramatically, and within a month I had to reverse that advice and instead argue that they should ease U.S. monetary policy, notwithstanding the fact that the dollar was quite weak at that time.

I could go down the list of the G-7 countries. With seven years and seven countries, there have been 49 opportunities on an annual basis to make significant mistakes. Maybe we have nearly 100 if we have both monetary and fiscal policy. While I have missed a few of those opportunities, there have been several where I think my own policy advice has been not entirely what is appropriate.

In the case of Japan, there was a very substantial tightening of fiscal policy, amounting to almost 3 percentage points of GDP between the summer of 1996 and the summer of 1997. That is an issue which is discussed in the present World Economic Outlook. I think it is clear, at least in retrospect, that while Japan should have been moving toward fiscal consolidation in the medium term as the economy recovered, there was too much fiscal consolidation too soon in 1997. Nevertheless, that was an action that was broadly endorsed, not by everyone in the international community, or indeed everyone in the International Monetary Fund, but if you go back and read the Annual Reports of the International Monetary Fund and the description of what our policy advice was to Japan, we were generally supportive of a very substantial fiscal consolidation at that time. As I say, I think in the light of hindsight most people would conclude that that was too much too soon. I point this out as only one example.

There have been a lot of questions raised also about our policy advice in the Asian crisis economies. We discussed this in a couple of boxes in Chapter 2 of the WEO. I think, in the case of monetary policy, when you have a national currency that has been depreciated very enormously by market pressures and you have a large volume of foreign currency denominated debt of domestic banks and businesses, monetary conditions have to be firmed at least moderately in order to resist overwhelming depreciation. Thailand and Korea were somewhat tardy in taking those efforts, but did take them, and that helped stabilize the situation. They have now been able to bring interest rates down again. In Korea, they are below the level of when the Asian crisis started, and the Koreans are moving to ease them further. In Indonesia, where they did not really tighten monetary policy, except for a very brief period, and then injected massive quantities of liquidity into the banking system, we had a disaster, and the exchange rate just depreciated out of sight. So I think those who argue that monetary policy should have been eased rather than tightened in those economies are smoking something that is not entirely legal.

On the fiscal policy side, the situation varies from country to country. There is, again, a box in this WEO that discusses that situation. My personal view for Thailand is that the initial fiscal tightening in the August program was appropriate under the assumptions under which we and everybody else were operating at the time. Questions have been raised about whether the further fiscal tightening that was undertaken in the autumn of last year was entirely appropriate. I think those are reasonable questions to ask. I would note, however, as is discussed in the WEO, that the stance of fiscal policy in all of these economies has shifted very considerably, and they are all now, this year and next year, projected to run quite significant fiscal deficits. Part of the reason for that, of course--and, again, there is a chart in the WEO which shows this--is that not only our forecast but everybody's forecast of economic performance in the Asian crisis economies did not foresee the magnitude of the recession that has befallen these countries and that is now apparent.

At the end of last year, in December of last year, positive growth was still expected in all of those economies, except Thailand. It has been necessary and desirable to adapt the policy stance in all of these economies as conditions have evolved in a manner that was not anticipated at an earlier date.

QUESTION: A question about Brazil. You said that the details of the financial package are being developed, but could you please give us an outline of what that package will look like and what vigorous actions the Fund expects from the Brazilian government.

MR. MUSSA: I would suggest you consult the Managing Director on that issue tomorrow. I do not have information about it, even if I were prepared to give it, which I am not.

QUESTION: Just another question, please. The tone about Brazil in the report is substantially different from the high praise of the Brazilian authorities that was emanating from the Fund before. Now we see references to the delayed response in monetary policy in Brazil. Is that the right impression, now?

MR. MUSSA: Monetary policy is not a set-it-and-forget-it type of policy. Brazil was, I think, doing quite well and financing flows to Brazil remained quite generous through the early part of this summer. Then, after Russia devalued and defaulted, there was a dramatic change in external conditions. The question is: how much and how rapidly did you respond to that very sharp change? There, we think there was a little bit of a delay in terms of the vigor of the response. In contrast, in October of last year, the response was very rapid after the Hong Kong disturbance. But there is no doubt now that Brazilian monetary policy has been tightened very substantially to resist the capital outflow. Now, that level of interest rates cannot be sustained indefinitely, from the standpoint of either the impact on the economy or the impact on the fiscal situation, so it is very important to bring in the reinforcement of a tightening of fiscal policy so monetary policy can be relieved of some of that pressure. But it is monetary policy that possesses the capacity to react very quickly, essentially instantaneously, to these developments. When one comes under intense pressure, it is the strategy of the Civil War General Nathan Bedford Forrest--get there firstest with the mostest--that is what monetary policy needs to do in that type of situation.

QUESTION: Your forecast for British growth is 1.2 percent. With significant downside risks, it looks like there could be a recession. Could you quantify that risk.

Secondly, on global interest rates, with hindsight, would you have asked for or recommended a global easing in rates much earlier than you have done?

MR. MUSSA: Graham answered earlier on the United Kingdom economy. Actually, I think the forecast of 1.2 percent growth now is probably a pretty good central estimate. There is obviously a downside risk that the outcome could be slower than that, but there is also some upside potential as well. You want to remember that the United Kingdom's most important trading partner is the rest of Europe, and the situation there still looks reasonably solid. Obviously, the general risks and concerns about the world economy will impact the U.K., so maybe there is a marginal bias to the downside, but I would not push it for the U.K.

With respect to global interest rate actions, you want to remember that stock markets in the industrial countries peaked in mid-July. On July 17, the Dow hit 9,300, its all-time peak. Within a few days, one way or the other, we also had peaks in the key European markets. Emerging markets, while credit flows had been reduced from what they were through the summer of last year, had actually revived from where they were in December, January, and February. The Russian devaluation and default did not create, but it triggered a kind of sea change in world financial markets. Interest rate spreads for all emerging markets spiked up in a matter of days by 1,300 basis points.

On capital flows to emerging markets, we have some figures on gross flows to emerging markets. After the slowdown in the winter, they recovered to the order of $20 billion or so a month through July. In August, they fell to $2 ½ billion. Since the middle of August, there have effectively been zero new gross flows in our measure of them. There has been a very sharp spike-up in spreads, also, for lesser quality credits in most of the industrial countries, including a widening of spreads for Italy and some other European countries versus the deutsche mark. German interest rates have been pushed down, along with rates on the U.S. dollar. Very large unprecedented movements. Ten standard deviations out in the distribution. That is why Long-Term Capital Management got into the difficulty it did. We had a millennial event; that is, something which the probabilistic model said would happen once in a thousand years happened in the middle of August, and it caught some people a bit off guard.

There has been an important change in financial market conditions that has occurred within the last month and a half, roughly. A lot of times, events of this kind reflect an initial panic which calms down after a while. So you do not want to make monetary policy decisions on the basis of momentary and perhaps temporary changes in financial market conditions. But I think the Federal Reserve, looking at the situation six weeks after the event and seeing, obviously, that things had far from calmed down completely, and recognizing that there are going to be consequences going forward, has signaled an intention to change the direction of monetary policy action in the United States. I think the countries participating in EMU have also signaled an intention to change something about monetary policy. Before, the expectation had been that interest rates in the euro area would probably converge up in the core countries and down in the other countries to something close to the average for the euro area by the end of this year or the beginning of next year. Now, very clearly, the intention seems to be to allow downward convergence to the interest rates prevailing in Germany, France, the Netherlands, and so forth, which means about the degree of effective easing of short-term interest rates which the Federal Reserve has just engineered yesterday. I think the Federal Reserve has signaled quite clearly that it is going to look at the situation carefully and is prepared to consider very actively the possible need for further easing down the road. We will need to see what the future European system of central banks will be prepared to do, but at least our view is that they require a similar flexibility in their attitude, recognizing that Europe is not in the same economic situation as the United States is and monetary policy has a more accommodative stance in Europe than it does in the United States, but they have larger margins of slack in Europe than exist in the United States.

So this is an environment in which monetary policy needs to be alert and active to the risks. It is not, however, in my judgment, an environment in which coordinating monetary policy actions between the Federal Reserve and Europe makes a particular degree of sense. I think Chairman Greenspan's remarks in that regard were misinterpreted when he spoke to the Congress two weeks ago. What I interpreted him to be saying is: The Federal Reserve is not going to wait for the Europeans before we act. And that turned out, in the event, to be the correct interpretation.

Drunken Christmas

2008-12-21T12:54:00.000-08:00

Drunken Christmas

There is no restart button

2008-12-21T12:50:00.000-08:00

There is no restart button. We are stuck with it.

Drunken Crossing

2008-12-21T12:49:00.000-08:00

Drunken Crossing Beware !..

Archie

2008-11-21T15:19:00.001-08:00

"yt" Sent You a Joke!

2008-11-21T14:42:00.001-08:00

To: Hey, fluffythingies!
"yt" just sent you this joke.

The Most Gruesome Death

There was a long, long line of spirits at the gate waiting to get into heaven. Not all these spirits could fit into heaven, so the ones who died the worst death would be allowed in.

The first man in line started telling his story, "Well, Peter, you see, I knew that my wife was cheating on me so I decided to come home early from work one day to catch them in action. I got home and searched all over but I couldn't find him. Then when I walked out onto the balcony, there he was dangling off the darn thing by his fingertips. So I ran and got a hammer then started beating him with it and he fell. Well, the fall didn't kill him, because he landed in a bush so I picked up the refrigerator and threw it on him. Although that killed him, the strain gave me a heart attack, and here I am."

The next man came up and started his story. "St. Peter, I always work out on my balcony on the 14th floor of my apartment building. I was on my bike one day and I fell off when it flipped. I sailed over the rail and I thought "Please God spare my life" and he did. I caught on to a balcony below me. I was even happier when a man discovered me hanging there. But all of a sudden he started beating my hands with a hammer so I fell again. But the dear Lord saved me again when I landed in a bush. But I'm here now because the guy threw his refrigerator on top of me."

It was now the third guy's turn to start his story. "Well, Peter, just picture this. I'm hiding butt naked in this married chick's refrigerator....."

FW: [Money Saving] Comment: Getting Past Fear of Failure

2008-11-21T14:22:00.000-08:00

Original Message:
-----------------
From: Daniel investigator@blogcuzade.com
Date: Sun, 16 Nov 2008 10:03:10 -0600
To: admin@blogcuzade.com
Subject: [Money Saving] Comment: "Getting Past Fear of Failure"

New comment on your post #137 "Getting Past Fear of Failure"
Author : Daniel (IP: 64.22.110.2 , pitagoras.unsvr.com)
E-mail : k.daniel@msn.com
URL : http://www.myhairrestoration.net
Whois : http://ws.arin.net/cgi-bin/whois.pl?queryinput=64.22.110.2
Comment:
I couldn't understand some parts of this article Getting Past Fear of
Failure, but I guess I just need to check some more resources regarding
this, because it sounds interesting.

You can see all comments on this post here:
http://Money-Saving.blogcuzade.com/2008/02/11/getting-past-fear-of-failure/#
comments

Delete it:
http://Money-Saving.blogcuzade.com/wp-admin/comment.php?action=cdc&c=81
Spam it:
http://Money-Saving.blogcuzade.com/wp-admin/comment.php?action=cdc&dt=spam&c
=81

--------------------------------------------------------------------
myhosting.com - Premium Microsoft® Windows® and Linux web and application
hosting - http://link.myhosting.com/myhosting

Sprint

2008-11-17T18:48:00.000-08:00

It's that time of year again: Break out of your current Sprint contract without paying an early-termination.

When layoffs lead to nasty politics

2008-11-14T14:12:00.000-08:00

When layoffs lead to nasty politics
Tough economic times may bring out the sharp elbows in co-workers, but should you join in the maneuvering or keep your distance?
By Anne Fisher, senior writer
November 14, 2008: 7:06 AM ET
Sign up for the Ask Annie e-mail newsletter

NEW YORK (Fortune) -- Dear Annie: I work in an office with about 40 peers (and 2 bosses), and rumors are rife that about 10 or 12 of us are going to get laid off as part of the latest cost-cutting drive. The situation has really brought out the worst in some of my colleagues, who are kissing up to the bosses, spreading damaging gossip about certain people, and generally acting in ways that are, in my opinion, highly unprofessional. Should I just ignore all this, or would it be smart to point out to higher-ups (discreetly) that there is a lot of self-serving behavior going on here? -Avoiding the Water Cooler

Dear AWC: If your bosses aren't already aware of your colleagues' Machiavellian maneuvers - and I bet they are - then telling them what's going on is just going to look self-serving on your part (and, let's be frank here, rightly so). No surprise: A recent survey of 522 office workers found that more than half (53%) say underhanded behavior has increased at work lately.

"In times of uncertainty and rising unemployment, some people feel insecure, which leads them to start trying to curry favor with decision-makers any way they can," says Jon Zion, CEO of staffing firm Accountemps, which hired an independent research firm to conduct the survey a couple of months ago. "It's a mistaken strategy because, in general, office politics just drains productivity and damages morale. You're far better off staying focused on your job. In the end we're all measured on results."

A cynic would say that's not always entirely true but, on the other hand, we've all known people who have aimed to undermine a colleague and ended up shooting themselves in the foot. Still, only 29% of those surveyed said that it's best to steer clear of office politics completely. A majority, 54%, opined that the smart course is to be aware of what's going on without getting directly involved. The other 16% said that "it's best to participate [in political maneuvering] so you can get ahead."

Zion and his colleagues divide that small group into five distinct types. See if any of these sound familiar:

1. The Pundit. "This is the person who sits around at lunch, or hangs around the water cooler, endlessly speculating about 'what's really going on' and seeming to have inside information," observes Zion. "Every once in a while, usually just by coincidence, these people turn out to be right." Tempting as it may be to listen - "after all, knowledge is power," he notes - the worst thing you can do is give the Pundit any information about anything: "You never know how it will get twisted."

2. The Lobbyist. A vocal advocate of his or her projects, and often skilled at getting other people to go along, the Lobbyist "may be unreceptive to outside points of view," Zion says. "It's okay to support this person's agenda, but you need to be careful not to get run over. Make sure your own point of view gets heard."

3. The Covert Operator. "These are not hard to spot," says Zion. "They're the people trying to use manipulation rather than excellent work to get ahead - and they can be very charming, so keep your guard up." You might even show the Covert Operator that you're on to him, by politely objecting when he puts down a colleague or takes credit for someone else's work.

4. The Activist. Enthusiasm is contagious, so you may find yourself getting swept up in this person's cause. "An Activist can be a very persuasive and aggressive advocate for what he or she believes is the right thing to do," Zion says. But watch out: "You don't necessarily want to be identified with a cause that doesn't benefit your employer's big-picture goals," says Zion. "You're at work to do a job, not to get caught up in extraneous stuff that, 9 times out of 10, isn't going to benefit you."

5. The Advisor. "This is an interesting type," says Zion, "because this person is often closely aligned with a company's top leadership and serves as senior managers' eyes and ears." Advisors don't always rank high in the official pecking order: "The Advisor could be anybody - a senior aide or an administrative assistant." Don't kiss up, but don't alienate this person, either: "Advisors wield considerable behind-the-scenes influence, so a decent rapport with them could ultimately work in your favor."

If there's any job security at all these days, Zion says, it depends not on sneaky tactics but on being really great at your actual job.

"The important thing is to concentrate on your performance, demonstrate to your bosses why you are indispensable, and not get embroiled in office politics," he says. Easier said than done, but look at it this way: If you stand out as a star performer, then even if you do get laid off, at least you'll have terrific references for your job hunt.

cnnmoney

Nasty Bug

2008-02-09T15:52:00.000-08:00

Every night, Harold would go down to the liquor store, get a six pack, bring it home, and drink it while he watched TV. One night, as he finished his last beer, the doorbell rang. He stumbled to the door and found a six-foot cockroach standing there. The bug grabbed him by the collar and threw him across the room, and left.
The next night, after he finished his 3th beer, the doorbell rang. He walked slowly to the door and found the same six-foot cockroach standing there. The big bug punched him in the stomach, then left.

The next night, after he finished his 1st beer, the doorbell rang again. The same six-foot cockroach was standing there. This time he was kneed in the groin and hit behind the ear as he doubled over in pain. Then the big bug left.

The fourth night Harold didn't drink at all. The doorbell rang. The cockroach was standing there. The bug beat the snot out of Harold and left him in a heap on the living room floor.

The following day, Harold went to see his doctor. He explained events of the preceding four nights. "What can I do?" he pleaded.
"Not much" the doctor replied. "There's just a nasty bug going around."
From

funny stories

2008-02-07T06:54:00.000-08:00

Best Known Man In The World

There was a man named Sulio and Sulio knew EVERYONE in the whole world!!! Once when Sulio got a new job, Sulio says to his new boss, "Boss, I know everyone in the whole world!" His boss doesn't believe him, so he says "No you do not know everyone in the whole world" but Sulio says "Yes I do!" so Sulio's boss says "Well prove it!" then Sulio says "Pick someone... and I know them!"

Well Sulio's boss thinks for a minute and then comes up with a name. "Tom Selleck! I bet you don't know Tom Selleck!" Sulio says "Tom Selleck! Tom and I were in boy scouts together when we were kids!" but Sulio's boss says "No you weren't!" then Sulio says "Yes we were!" so they fly to Hollywood and drive up to Tom Selleck's house. Sulio knocks on the door and Tom Selleck answers and Sulio goes "Tom!!!" and Tom goes "Sulio!" and they hug and catch up for 30 minutes and Sulio's boss can't believe it. But then he thinks "Well that could happen, it's just one person," so he tells Sulio and Sulio says "OK, pick somebody else!"

This time Sulio's boss has someone in mind! "The president, Bill Clinton! You don't know Bill Clinton!" but Sulio says "Oh yes I do! Bill and I were on debate team together in college!" Sulio's boss says "No you weren't!" and Sulio says "Yes we were!" so they fly to Washington and they catch up with the President at a press conference. They work their way through the crowd until Sulio get's close enough to catch Clinton's eye and waves "Bill!" and the President waves "Sulio!" and after the press conference they hug and catch up for 30 minutes and Sulio's boss is stunned-- he can't believe it. But then he thinks "Well that's just two people in one country-- that doesn't mean he knows everyone in the whole world!" so he tells Sulio and Sulio says "OK, pick someone out of the world spectrum and I know them!"

And Sulio's boss knows just who to pick so he says "The Pope! You do not know the Pope!" and Sulio says "The Pope! The Pope BAPTIZED me!" and Sulio's boss says "No he didn't!" and Sulio says "Yes he did!" so they fly to Rome where the Pope is giving Mass in front of hundreds of thousands of people. They work their way through the crowd-- without much luck-- so Sulio says "Boss, we're never gonna get there together through all these people so I tell you what--I'll work my way up there and when I do, I'll give you a sign that shows you I know the Pope!" and he leaves. Well Sulio's boss waits and waits and waits and just when he's about to give up, he sees the Pope come out onto the balcony and right there beside him is Sulio!

Shortly afterwards, Sulio's boss passes out. Sulio comes back and finds his boss passed out and he fans him and says "Boss! Boss! Wake up!" and when his boss comes to, he asks "Boss what happened?" Sulio's boss looks at Sulio and says "OK, I can see Tom Selleck. I can see Bill Clinton... hell, I can even take the Pope! But when somebody standing next to me asks 'Who's that up there with Sulio?' that's a little more than I can take!
From : http://www.onlyfunnystories.com

I know this lawyers

A small town prosecuting attorney called his first witness to the stand in a trial-a grandmotherly, elderly woman. He approached her and asked, "Mrs. Jones, do you know me?"
She responded, "Yes, I do know you Mr. Williams. I've known you since you were a young boy. And frankly, you've been a big disappointment to me. You lie, you cheat on your wife, you manipulate people and talk about them behind their backs. You think you're a rising big shot when you haven't the brains to realize you never will amount to anything more than a two-bit paper pusher. Yes, I know you."

The lawyer was stunned. Not knowing what else to do he pointed across the room and asked, "Mrs. Williams, do you know the defense attorney?"

She again replied, "Why, yes I do. I've known Mr. Bradley since he was a youngster, too. I used to baby-sit him for his parents. And he, too, has been a real disappointment to me. He's lazy, bigoted, he has a drinking problem. The man can't build a normal relationship with anyone and his law practice is one of the shoddiest in the entire state. Yes, I know him."

At this point, the judge rapped the courtroom to silence and called both counselors to the bench. In a very quiet voice, he said with menace, "If either of you asks her if she knows me, you'll be in jail within 3 minutes!"
From : http://www.onlyfunnystories.com

i am an imbecile

2008-02-07T05:35:00.000-08:00

Writeen by one has to be in a position of power to be an imbecile. I am a loser. I have no life. AOK is my only friend in life. Can someone just kill me please? People have finally come to see just how lame I am.

For the Imbecile

To Jo. You decided to have a crack at me for asking 'Eddie" about his pay and conditions. 'Eddie' wants to let the new laws take effect. Jo, do you want to lose your holidays? Do you want your pay slashed? Do you want your rights at work whittled away to next to nothing? Why let these changes take effect at all? We are best to destroy them at the first possible chance. Jo, unfortunately the less intellectually gifted constantly miss the point. Perhaps you should follow 'Brett' to wherever it was he went, he always missed the point. UNITED WE STAND - DIVIDED WE FALL. By the way Jo. I bust my guts in a preprepared seafood company. I get pushed around from Morning to afternoon to graveyard shift. I am casual. I don't get holidays or sick days, I don't ever get to spend the school holidays with my children. If the new laws are introduced in my workplace, I could end up working the graveyard shift for $12.47 an hour, no shift allowances, no casual rates, NOTHING. Do I deserve to be treated like this?

Blue/Black/Yellow Spiral Wallpaper

2008-01-23T15:16:00.001-08:00

Blue/Black/Yellow Spiral Wallpaper

Whether you use this for your wallpaper or not, here is another original illusion we have created. As you look at the spirals, they will appear to move. This is called "illusory movement" and the same technique has been explored by other optical illusion creators.

What's different about this illusion is that it is not quite a full spiral, and with the addition of other "moving gears" it makes it more interesting to use for your desktop wallpaper, or even if you want to just email your friends!

View the medium-sized version on this page, or choose one of these: 1152X768 | 800x600. You may want to right click and then "save target as" to first save the image to your computer.

If you would like to set an image as your desktop background, right click on the image and click "Set as Background."

Wouldn't this be a perfect optical illusion to email to your friends? We have a handy-dandy email link located below.

Incredible Moving Arrows Backgrounds

2008-01-23T15:15:00.001-08:00

Incredible Moving Arrows Backgrounds

These are sometimes called anamolus motion illusions. Because although the image isn't moving at all - it really isn't animated at all - it looks like it's moving like crazy. Sometimes the bigger the picture is, the better it works. This is another illusion you won't find anywhere else, because we created it especially for coolopticalillusions.com.

What we've created here are several circles that are a collection of little arrows. By choosing the correct colors, and making it look asthetically pleasing, this will actually work as a perfect desktop background. Wouldn't it be cool to use this as wallpaper and print it out... you could actually put a repeating pattern like this on your wall.

You can see a normal-sized version of the picture below, and here are some links to download the larger versions, if you do want to set it as your wallpaper. And why wouldn't you? It's gotta be more interesting than the picture you have there now! Or, just try out the larger wallpapers, sometimes it makes the illusion even more incredible!

Did you know, that if you're creating a project that needs an optical illusion, we can create a custom image for you to use, and liscence you the image for a fairly reasonable cost? Just contact us to find out more about our custom optical illusion creation service, and give details of your project.

Crazy Window

2008-01-23T15:12:00.000-08:00

Crazy Window

Which way does this window face. Are the people on the inside looking to the left or looking to the right? Are you looking up into the window, or are you looking down into the window. Quite a crazy amazing optical illusion drawing!

Çocuk ve Domuz

2007-12-24T15:31:00.000-08:00

Çocuk, bebeklik ve ergenlik çağları arasındaki insandır. Genellikle konuşma ve yürüme kabiliyetleri kazanıldıktan sonra bebeklikten çocukluğa geçildiği; cinsel gelişimin başladığı ergenlik dönemi ile birlikte çocukluk döneminin bittiği kabul edilir. Ama bu tanımlamalar görecelidir ve kesin sınırları yoktur.
Çocuğun ne zaman nerede ne yapacağı belli olmaz. Domuza aşık bile olabilir. Karşı cinse ilgi çok küçük yaşlarda başlar...

Öp ayağımı

2007-12-24T15:24:00.000-08:00

Öpsene len ayağımı
Başım gözüm üstüne ağam !..

Tabut

2007-12-02T16:12:00.000-08:00

Bir adam, ilk cinsel tecrübesini elli yaşında yaşar. Heyecana kapılıp vefat eder. Yüzündeki gülümseme üç günde geçer, tabutu kapatmaları da bir hafta sürer.

--

Tabut

Temel yolda yürürken iki tabutun arkasında metrelerce uzanan bi kalabalık görür ve merakla tabutlardan birini sırtlayan adama :
- Kardeş başınız sağolsun, der.
Adam:
- Sağol eşimle kayınvalidem, der.
Tabutları göstererek Temel
- Hayırdır nasıl oldu, der.
Adam :
- Bizim köpek karıma saldırmış kayınvalidem de yardıma koşmuş fakat köpek ikisini de öldürmüş, der.
Temel çekinerek:
- Pardon beyefendi köpeğinizi ödünç alabilir miyim? diye sorar.
Adam :
- Geç kuyruğun sonuna millet sırada görmüyor musun, der.

My boyfriend

2007-11-08T17:56:00.000-08:00

My boyfriend of four years recently started attending AA. He has 35 days, which is great. However, the only other 'sober friends' he has are boy friends from a school or football teams. He swears he has no feelings for them and it is the same with them for him. But they go to meetings together at least twice a week and sometimes out afterward. I am feeling uncomfortable with this, especially since he doesnt share much about AA with me. I feel like it is an intimate thing to be going through with another woman. What do you think??? I have a lot of anxiety over this - please help!!!
I am attaching a picture of him that i took just before he was going to meet the friends.
And also, my boyfriend goes on holidays that I cannot afford, yet he texts me about his wonderful time, is he being selfish?

Can you sit on an umbrella

2007-11-05T11:48:00.001-08:00

Can you sit on an umbrella? So, why you carry it ?

I'm Lovin'it

2007-11-05T11:42:00.000-08:00

I love Mc.Donald's, makes me more stronger. I am get some fat but get more rich.

spouting

2007-11-04T08:47:00.000-08:00

Definition of piddle in the Online Dictionary. Meaning of piddle. What does piddle mean?
# urine: liquid excretory product; "there was blood in his urine"; "the child had to make water"
# make: eliminate urine; "Again, the cat had made on the expensive rug"

Dear Abby

2007-11-03T06:44:00.000-07:00

Dear Abby:

I have been engaged for almost a year. I am to be married next month. My fiancee's mother is not only very attractive but really great and understanding. She is putting the entire wedding together and invited me to her place to go over the invitation list because it had grown a bit beyond what we had expected it to be. When I got to her place, we reviewed the list and trimmed it down to just under a hundred... then she floored me. She said that in a month I would be a married man and that before that happened, she wanted to have sex with me.

Then she just stood up and walked to her bedroom and on her way said that I knew where the front door was if I wanted to leave. I stood there for about five minutes and finally decided that I knew exactly how to deal with this situation.

I headed straight out the front door............... There, leaning against my car, was her husband, my father-in-law to be. He was smiling. He explained that they just wanted to be sure I was a good kid and would be true to their little girl. I shook his hand and he congratulated me on passing their little test. Abby, should I tell my fiancee what her parents did, and that I thought their "little test" was asinine and insulting to my character?

Or should I keep the whole thing to myself, including the fact that the reason I was walking out to my car was to get a condom?

Signed,

Blondes Protective Computer Gear

2007-11-03T06:31:00.000-07:00

Blondes Protective Computer Gear
Yesterday I came back to my office from Court. There was a new
secretary (a very attractive blonde) in the office down the hall from
me.

She flagged me down and asked for help. "My floppy drive won't work,
can you help me ?" she asked. I told her I'd take a look and
proceeded over to her machine, where I found shredded up clear
plastic Baggie-like stuff hanging out of her 3.5" floppy drive.

While I spent the next 20 minutes getting out her disk and digging
out the plastic, I noticed two guys, John and Dave, in the hall
trying awfully hard to keep straight faces. Suspecting some mischief,
I asked her how the plastic got into the drive.

"Oh, you mean the condom!", she said. "Condom???", I asked. "Yes,
John & Dave over there told me to always put a condom on my disk
before inserting it, to prevent catching viruses."

By this point, John & Dave were roaring, and it was all I could do to
keep from joining them. The "condom" turned out to be a standard 3.5"
plastic sleeve. I delicately explained to her that a practical joke
had been played, and she shouldn't do that anymore, when she asked
(as serious as one could be), "Does that mean I don't have to stroke
it ten times or blow on it either???"

I can't decide

2007-10-29T16:40:00.001-07:00

- I can't decide which gore persona tobe.. the nobel prize laureate the oscar winner the president of the united states or recluse

National Problems

2007-10-29T16:33:00.000-07:00

who wants to be present ?

WikiWorld

2007-10-16T06:55:00.000-07:00

Wikipedia:WikiWorld
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

WikiWorld is a weekly free webcomic, carried by the Signpost, that highlights a few of the fascinating but little-known articles in the vast Wikipedia archives. The text for each comic is excerpted from one or more existing Wikipedia articles. WikiWorld offers visual interpretations on a wide range of topics: offbeat cultural references and personality profiles, obscure moments in history and unlikely slices of everyday life - as well as "mainstream" subjects with humorous potential.

Cartoonist Greg Williams developed the WikiWorld project in cooperation with the Wikimedia Foundation, and is releasing the comics under the Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 2.5 license for use on Wikipedia and elsewhere. Williams works as a visual journalist for the US-based The Tampa Tribune, a daily newspaper in Tampa, Florida. He also has worked as an illustrator and designer at newspapers in Dubuque, Iowa, and Dayton, Ohio.

Savage Chickens

2007-10-09T12:49:00.001-07:00

When I was a kid, I drew cartoons all the time. I drew cows and alligators and pigs and superheroes. I drew a platypus named Ed. I drew a dead dog named Dead Dog Bob. I drew everything I saw and everything I wanted to see.

Many years passed. By a strange series of coincidences, I found myself working in an office. The more I used a keyboard, the worse my penmanship became. The constant hum of computers made my brain twitch. That's when I stopped drawing cartoons.

Then the chickens came.

Like some sort of haunting supernatural force, the chickens bubbled up from the ol' subconscious mind. In a trance-like state, I drew them on office whiteboards. I drew them in notebooks. I drew them on anything that sat still long enough. People started asking, "Who's drawing those damn chicken cartoons everywhere?

The chickens were unstoppable. To retain my sanity, all I could do was grab a stack of sticky notes, and release the Savage Chickens.

911 Carrera

2007-10-04T18:36:00.000-07:00

911 Carrera Features
Exclusive 911 Carrera accessories

* Engine
A matter of the heart. The engine of the 911.
* Chassis
More accomplished than ever before.
* Safety
The safety standard is consistent with the performance standard.
* Comfort
Everyday practicality is taken seriously.
* Visualizer
Choose your exterior and interior color in this inte

911 Carrera Compare this model with the
911 Carrera S
Manual Tiptronic S
Engine Cylinders 6 6
Displacement 3.6 l 3.6 l
Engine layout Rear engine Rear engine
Horsepower 325 hp 325 hp
Torque 273 ft lb. 273 ft lb.
Manual Tiptronic S
Performance Top track speed 177 mph 174 mph
0-60 mph 4.8 sec 5.2 sec
MSRP $ 73,500.00 $ 76,920.00

Manual Tiptronic S
Engine Cylinders 6 6
Displacement 3.6 l 3.6 l
Engine layout Rear engine Rear engine
Horsepower 325 hp 325 hp
Torque 273 ft lb. 273 ft lb.
@ rpm 4,250 rpm 4,250 rpm
Compression ratio 11.3 : 1 11.3 : 1
Standard Optional
Technology 3.6 liter flat 6 cylinder engine with VarioCam Plus Standard
Motronic electronic accelerator pedal with solid-state distribution Standard
Standard Optional
Transmission 6-speed manual transmission with dual-mass flywheel and hydraulic clutch. Standard
Tiptronic S Optional

He is the destroyer of Words

2007-09-27T16:10:00.000-07:00

.......
There, I said it. And I'll say it again. Despite being cute enough to make the furry felines at LOLCats.com seem ugly by comparison, my dog is an asshole.

Oh sure, you're probably saying, "deep down, I'll bet he's a nice doggie." But you know what? When you have to say that "deep down" someone is nice, it's because they're an asshole.

We got him when he was a pup, and I named him "Fluffy" after my favorite comic strip, Fluffy & Hobbes. Like the lead character in that cartoon, our dog is always causing trouble, and he acts like he's living in a fantasy world. Except that the cartoon Fluffy was actually a likeable kid, whereas our canine Fluffy is truly obnoxious.

Fluffy constantly wakes us up at all hours of the night wanting to go outside, but when we open the door for him, he sits there and looks at us as though he's saying, "you don't actually expect me to go out there, do you?" Then he pees on the carpet.

He splashes his paws in his water bowl and treads muddy footprints all over the floor, then scratches at the empty bowl until we fill it up again. He torments every guest by licking their feet, and when we scold him for it, he starts licking the air around their feet instead, like he's testing our resolve. And as soon as we start to pet him, he rolls over and exposes his private parts, then looks up at us hopefully (yes, he's not only an asshole, but he's also a pervert).

By comparison, our other dog, Gypsy, is one of the sweetest creatures you could ever meet. We picked her up as a stray, and every day she acts thankful for being taken in. Fluffy, on the other hand, acts like he expected to be living with royalty, and is supremely disappointed at having to stay with mere commoners.

Late one night a few years ago, after everyone was asleep, an old guitar stashed away in some forgotten upstairs closet suddenly broke a string. Fearing it was an intruder, Gypsy (bless her heart) leapt out of our bedroom, ready to tear apart whoever was responsible for the ruckus. But did Fluffy try to protect us? No. Instead, he jumped up on our bed in fear and planted his furry behind squarely on my face. As you can imagine, being awoken by a loud noise in your house and then having something hairy smother you is not a pleasant experience.

He's clearly a defective dog, but it's not like we can return him. We have to keep him, even though he steals food from our kids and barks at the slightest noise. I guess we're stuck with him for the rest of his life (and just before he goes to meet his maker, I'm sure he'll find time to poop all over the house).

Don't get me wrong - we love our little Fluffy, of course. But he's still an ....

Characters for an Epic tTale

2007-09-26T18:20:00.000-07:00

D.FILM MovieMaker

Have you ever wanted to be a famous movie director? At this fun site, you can make your own animated movie and send it to your friends! You can make a comedy, drama, or love story!

Your Turn:
To start making your movie, choose a background and a sky. Then choose 2 characters and write a short script. Next, add your favorite kind of music, and choose a title design. Finally, think of a good name for your movie, and write your name as the director. If you want to make a longer movie, you can make more scenes. Now you can preview your movie, and make any changes. Then send it off to your friends! Good Luck!

Marbled Polecat

2007-09-26T02:59:00.000-07:00

Marbled Polecat
mammal belonging to the monotypic genus Vormela within the Mustelinae subfamily. Vormela is from the Germanic word Wormlein[citation needed]. The term peregusna comes from pereguznya, which is Ukrainian for polecat. Marbled polecats are generally found in the dryer areas and grasslands of south-eastern Europe to western China. Like other members of Mustelinae, it can emit a strong smelling secretion from anal sacs under the tail when threatened.

Description

Ranging in length from 29–35 cm (head and body), the marbled polecat has a short muzzle and very large, noticeable ears. Limbs are short and claws are long and strong. While the tail is long, with long hair, overall pelage is short. Black and white marks the face, with a black stripe across the eyes and white markings around the mouth. Dorsally, pelage is yellow and heavily mottled with irregular reddish or brown spots. Tail is dark brown with a yellowish band in the mid-region. The ventral region and limbs are a dark brown.[1] Female mass ranges from 295g up to 600g and males can range from 320g to 715g.
Distribution

The marbled polecat is found from south-east Europe to Russia and China. Range includes Bulgaria, Romania, Asia Minor, Lebanon, Syria, Israel, Palestine, Jordan, Iran, Afghanistan, north-western Pakistan, Yugoslavia, Mongolia, China, Kazakhstan and north to the Altai Steppes in Siberia. In 1998 marbled polecat was recorded on the Sinai Peninsula, Egypt.

Behavior

Marbled polecats are most active during the morning and evening.Their eye sight is weak and they rely on a well-developed sense of smell. Vocalization is limited and consists of shrill alarm cries, grunts and a submissive long shriek.

Marbled polecats are solitary and move extensively through their 0.5 to 0.6 km² home range. They generally only stay in a shelter once. When they encounter each other they are usually aggressive.

When alarmed, marbled polecats raise up on their legs while arching their back and curling their tail over their back with long tail hair erect. They also raise their head, bare their teeth and give shrill, short hisses. If threatened, they can expel a foul-smelling secretion from enlarged anal glands under their tail.

To dig, such as when they are excavating dens, marbled polecats dig out earth with their forelegs while anchoring themselves with their chin and hind legs. They will use their teeth to pull out obstacles such as roots.

Reproduction

Marbled polecats mate during March to early June. Gestation can be long and variable (243 days to 327 days). Parturition has been observed to occur from late January to mid-March. Delayed implantation allows marbled polecats to time the birth of their cubs for favorable conditions, such as when prey is abundant.

Litter size ranges from 4–8 cubs. Only females care for the young. Cubs open their eyes at around 38–40 days, are weaned at 50–54 days and leave their mother (disperse) at 61–68 days.

Ecology

Habitat
Marbled polecats are found in open desert, semi-desert, semi-arid rocky areas in upland valleys and low hill ranges, steppe country and arid subtropical scrub forest. They avoid mountainous regions. Marbled polecats have been sighted in cultivated areas such as melon patches and vegetable fields.

Burrows of large ground squirrels or similar rodents such as the great gerbil (Rhombomys opinus) and Libyan jird are used by marbled polecats for resting and breeding. They may also dig their own dens or live in underground irrigation tunnels. In the winter, marbled polecats will line their den with grass.

Diet

Marbled polecats are known to eat ground squirrels, Libyan jirds (Meriones libycus), Armenian hamsters (Cricetulus migratorius), voles, mole rats (Spalax lecocon ehrenbergi), house mice (Mus musculus), and other rodents, small hares, birds, lizards, frogs, insects (e.g. snails, beetles, crickets) as well as fruit and grass. They are also recorded as taking small domestic poultry such as chickens and pigeons as well as stealing smoked meat and cheese.

Fluffy Thingies

2007-09-13T06:26:00.000-07:00

I don't know what does it mean "fluffythingies"
If you know please tell here, so everyone may learn. This blog is came to me via an email, i checked it seems to be an intersting title and the blog is ready to go, so I transfered it to my account. I don't know the founder. Thanks to him.
If the owner comes back i will be glad to leave this fluffy thing to him.